Giáo án Chuyên đề tiếng Anh 11

I. CLEFT SENTENCES
1. Subject focus: Nhấn mạnh tới chủ ngữ, chủ thể của hành động hoặc đối tượng được đề cập. 
S + V → It be S that/ who V
Eg. 	Nam helped me a lot. 	→ It was Nam who helped me a lot.
The book tells us a romantic story. 	→ It is the book that tells us a romantic story.
2. Object focus: Nhấn mạnh tới tân ngữ, chủ thể nhận hay chịu tác động của hành động.
S + V + O → It be O that/ whom S + V
Eg. 	She bought the dictionary. 	→ It was the dictionary that she bought.
We saw Mai at the party. 	→ It was Mai who we saw at the party.
3. Adverbials focus: Nhấn mạnh tới trạng ngữ, đề cập tới thời gian, nơi chốn, cách thức, phương pháp của hành vi.
S + V + A → It be A that S + V
Eg. 	We first met in this park. 	→ It was in this park that we first met.
She left on a rainy day. 	→ It was on a rainy day that she left.
PART VIII: INDIRECT SPEECH – CÂU TRỰC TIẾP, GIÁN TIẾP
1. Trong c©u trùc tiÕp th«ng tin ®i tõ ng­êi thø nhÊt ®Õn ng­êi thø 2.
Eg. 	He said “ I bought a new motorbike for myself yesterday”
Cßn trong c©u gi¸n tiÕp, th«ng tin ®i tõ ng­êi thø nhÊt qua ng­êi thø 2 vµ ®Õn ng­êi thø 3. Do vËy cã sù biÕn ®æi vÒ mÆt ng÷ ph¸p.
Eg. 	He said he had bought a new motorbike for myself the day before.
2. Ph­¬ng ph¸p chuyÓn ®æi tõ c©u trùc tiÕp sang c©u gi¸n tiÕp
Khi chuyÓn ®æi tõ c©u trùc tiÕp sang c©u gi¸n tiÕp cÇn ph¶i:
Ph¸ bá ngoÆc kÐp, chuyÓn ®æi toµn bé c¸c ®¹i tõ nh©n x­ng theo ng«i chñ ng÷ thø nhÊt sang ®¹i tõ nh©n x­ng ng«i thø 3.
Lïi ®éng tõ ë vÕ thø 2 xuèng 1 cÊp so víi ë møc ban ®Çu (lïi vÒ thêi).
ChuyÓn ®æi tÊt c¶ c¸c ®¹i tõ chØ thÞ, phã tõ chØ thêi gian theo b¶ng quy ®Þnh.
a. B¶ng ®æi ®éng tõ
Direct speech
Indirect speech
simple present
simple past
present progressive
past progressive
present perfect (progressive)
past perfect (progressive)
simple past
past perfect
will /shall
would / should
can / may
could / might
b. B¶ng ®æi c¸c lo¹i tõ kh¸c.
this, these
that, those
here, overhere
there, overthere
today
that day
yesterday
the day before
the day before yesterday
two days before
tomorrow
the following day/ the next day
the day after tomorrow
in two days’ time
next + thêi gian (week, year ...)
the following + thêi gian (week, year...)
last + thêi gian (week, year ...)
the privious + thêi gian (week, year...)
thêi gian + ago
thêi gian + before/ the privious +thêi gian
- NÕu lµ nãi vµ thuËt l¹i x¶y ra trong cïng mét ngµy th× kh«ng cÇn ph¶i ®æi thêi gian. 
Eg. 	At breakfast this morning he said “ I will be very busy today”
At breakfast this morning he said he would be very busy today.
- ViÖc ®iÒu chØnh logic tÊt nhiªn lµ cÇn thiÕt nÕu lêi nãi ®­îc thuËt l¹i sau ®ã 1 hoÆc 2 ngµy. 
Eg. thø 2 Jack nãi víi Tom:	I’m leaving the day after tomorrow. (tøc lµ thø 4 Jack sÏ rêi ®i)
NÕu Tom thuËt l¹i lêi nãi cña Jack vµo ngµy h«m sau (tøc lµ thø 3) th× Tom sÏ nãi:
Jack said he was leaving tomorrow.
NÕu Tom thuËt l¹i lêi nãi cña Jack vµo ngµy tiÕp theo (ngµy thø 4) th× Tom sÏ nãi:
Jack said he was leaving today.
3. §éng tõ víi t©n ng÷ trùc tiÕp vµ t©n ng÷ gi¸n tiÕp.
Trong tiÕng Anh cã nh÷ng lo¹i ®éng tõ (trong b¶ng sau)cã 2 t©n ng÷ vµ ®ång thêi còng cã 2 c¸ch dïng. 
bring, build, buy 
cut, draw, feed, tell
find, get, give
hand, leave, lend, write
make, offer, owe
paint, pass, pay
promiss, read, sell
send, show, teach
- C¸ch dïng gi¸n tiÕp ®Æt t©n ng÷ trùc tiÕp sau ®éng tõ råi ®Õn giíi tõ for, to vµ t©n ng÷ gi¸n tiÕp
S + V + Od + for/ to + Oi
- C¸ch dïng trùc tiÕp ®Æt t©n ng÷ gi¸n tiÕp ngay sau ®éng tõ vµ sau ®ã ®Õn t©n ng÷ trùc tiÕp, giíi tõ to vµ for mÊt ®i, c«ng thøc sau:
 S + verb + Oi (t©n ng÷ gi¸n tiÕp) + Od (t©n ng÷ trực tiÕp) 
- NÕu c¶ 2 t©n ng÷ ®Òu lµ ®¹i tõ nh©n x­ng th× kh«ng ®­îc dïng c«ng thøc trùc tiÕp (tøc lµ c«ng thøc thø nhÊt ®­îc sö dông).
Eg. 	Correct : They gave it to us./ Incorrect: They gave us it.
- §éng tõ to introduce vµ to mention kh«ng bao giê ®­îc dïng c«ng thøc trùc tiÕp mµ ph¶i dïng c«ng thøc gi¸n tiÕp.	to introduce sb/st to sb	to mention st to sb
4. Mét sè thÝ dô bæ trî
John gave the essay to his teacher./ 	John gave his teacher the essay.
The little boy brought some flowers for his grandmother. 
The little boy brought his grandmother some flowers.
I fixed Maria a drink./ I fixed a drink for Maria.
He drew a picture for his mother./ He drew his mother a picture.
 	He lent his car to his bother./ He lent his brother his car.
We owe several thousand dollars to the bank./ We owe the bank several thousand dollars.