Modal Verbs – Động từ khiếm khuyết (+ V1)

Modal Verbs – Động từ khiếm khuyết (+ V1)
CÁCH DÙNG 1: “MODAL VERBS + V1”
CÔNG DỤNG / nghĩa
VÍ DỤ
QUÁ KHỨ (NẾU CÓ)
CAN 
Năng lực
I can ride a bike.
COULD
Xin/cho phép
Can I go out?
Yêu cầu, đề nghị
Can you help me?
COULD
Năng lực quá khứ
I could ride a bike when I was 6.
Gợi ý
You could ask him for help
Điều kiện 2,3
Yêu cầu, đề nghị
Could you say it again? 
Xin/cho phép
Could I speak to John, please?
WILL
Sẽ chắc chắn xảy ra, hứa, đoán “I think,…”
I’ll be old one day.
WOULD
Thói quen hiện tại : “thường, sẽ”
When she is angry, she will go out for fresh air.
WOULD
Yêu cầu
Will you wait for me?
Đề nghị
I will help you.
Đều kiện 1
WON’T
“Không chịu, sẽ không” (hiện tại)
However hard you try to convince her, she won’t change her mind. (Cho dù bạn cố gắng thuyết phục cô ấy như thế nào, cô ấy cũng không chịu đổi ý định đâu)
WOULDN’T
WOULD
Qúa khứ của WILL
He said he would come.
Mời : “Would you like…
Would you like to come?
Thói quen quá khứ : “thường, sẽ”
When
Yêu cầu
Would you tell me the time, please?
Đều kiện 2, 3
WOULDN’T
“Không chịu” (quá khứ)
When she was angry, she would go out for fresh air.(khi giận, cô ấy thường đi ra ngoài hít thở)
MAY
Xin, cho phép
May I go out?
MIGHT
Đều kiện 1
MIGHT
Quá khứ của MAY
He said it might rain.
SHALL
“Sẽ” = will
SHOULD
“có thể” : đề nghị
Shall we go shopping now?
Đều kiện 1
SHOULD
“nên”: khuyên = BE SUPPOSED TO, OUGHT TO, HAD BETTER
You should mind your words. (Bạn nên cẩn thận lời nói)
Qúa khứ của “shall”
He said it should rain.
Mời: “Should you like…
Should you like to come?
MUST = HAVE TO 
“phải”: = BE SUPPOSED TO, OUGHT TO, HAVE GOT TO
I must go home now.
HAD TO
“cần phải” = NEED
I need go home now. (Chú ý: “need to” là động từ thường)
MUSTN’T
“không được phép”
You mustn’t use mobile phone in class.
NEED 
“cần”
I need go home now.
NEEDN’T = DON’T HAVE TO
You needn’t hurry. (Bạn không cần vội)
DARE / DAREN’T
“dám / không dám”
I daren’t ask him.
Dare you? Bạn dám không?
OUGHT TO (OUGHTN’T TO)
“nên, phải” = SHOULD, BE SUPPOSED TO, MUST
I ought to see him.
 CÁCH DÙNG 2: 
SUY ĐOÁN
Ở HIỆN TẠI
Ở QUÁ KHỨ
PHỦ ĐỊNH
Must V1 : chắc là
Must have V3,ed: chắc là đã
Can’t…
Can’t V1: không thể nào
Can’t have V3/ed: không thể nào đã
May V1 : có thể
May have V3,ed: có thể đã
May not…
Could V1 : có thể
Could have V3,ed: có thể đã
Couldn’t…
Would V1: có thể
Would have V3,ed: có thể đã
Wouldn’t…
Might V1: có thể
Might have V3/ed: có thể đã
Mightn’t…
KHUYÊN 
Should V1 : nên
Ought to V1: nên
Be supposed to V1: nên
Should have V3/ed: đã nên, lẽ ra đã nên
Ought to have V3/ed: đã nên, lẽ ra đã nên
Be supposed to have V3/ed: đã nên, lẽ ra đã nên
Shouldn’t…
Oughtn’t to…
Be not supposed to…
SỰ CẦN THIẾT
Need V1: cần
Needn’t V1: không cần 
Need have V3/ed: đã cần phải
Needn’t have V3/ed: đã không cần phải
Needn’t…
EXERCISE 1: Complete the following sentences with “could / should / shouldn’t / must + have + V3” or “should / must + V1”.1. Susan failed her Economics 201 last term._ She ___________ very upset (be).2. This computer isn’t fast enough. _ I know. I ____________ a better one, but I didn’t have enough money when I bought this last month. (buy)3. Why did you stay at a hotel when you went to New York? _You ____________with Barbara. (stay)4. Jack fell off a ladder yesterday but he’s all right._ He’s lucky _ he __________ himself badly.(hurt)5. The situation was bad but it ___________ worse. (be)6. You have been traveling all day. You ____________tired (be)7. I’ve lost one of my gloves. I ____________it somewhere (drop)8. Carol __________ very bored in her job. She does the same thing everyday.(get)9. Jane walked past me without speaking. She ______________me (see)10. The phone rang but I didn’t hear it . I ____________asleep (be)11. I haven’t seen the people next door for ages . They __________ (go away)12. That restaurant ____________very good. It’s always full [full]of people. ( be)13. That restaurant ___________very good. It’s always empty. (be)14. It rained every day during their holiday, so they __________ __ a very nice time (have)15. Congratulations on passing your exam. You ___________very pleased .(be)16. Bill and Sue go away on holiday very often, so they ______________short of money ( be)17. Ted isn’t at work today. He _____________ill. ( be)18. Ted wasn’t at work last week. He _______________ ill( be )19. Carol knows a lot about films. She ______________ to the cinema a lot. (go)20. It was a great party last night. You _________ ___. Why didn’t you? (come)21. I’m feeling sick. I _______________so much chocolate . ( eat)22. You look tired . You ____________ to bed now (go)23. You went to bed very late last night . You ____________ to bed earlier.(go)24. I wonder why they are so late. They ______________ here an hour ago.( be)25. I’m sorry I didn’t take your advice . I ______________what you said (do)26. She was too far away, so she _____________ you.( not /see)27. Don passed the exam without studying for it. _ The exam ___________very difficult ( be)28. She knew everything about our plans. _ She __________to our conversation (listen)29. The lights were red but the car didn’t stop. _ The driver ____________the red light ( see)30. The trip was canceled last week. Paul _______anyway because he was ill (go)
EXERCISE 1:Choose the best answer:
1. You ......out last night. I called several times but nobody answered the phone. a. must be 	b. must have been 	c. could have been 	d. should have been2. Micheal’s score on the test is the highest in the class; .........last night. a. he must have studied hard 	b. he should have studied hard 
 c. he must study hard 	d. he must had to study hard3. Look! The yard is wet. It ......last night.  a. must rain 	b. couldn’t have rained 	c. must have rained 	d. should have rained 4. We ....you more help, but we were too busy.  a. might have given 	b. might give 	c. should give 	d. could give5. You ....your pass at the entrance unless you are asked to do so.  a. mustn’t show 	b. needn’t show 	c. haven’t to show 	d. B &C6. My supervisor is angry with me. I didn’t do all the work I .....last week. a. must have done 	b. may have done 	c. should have done 	d. need to have done7. You .... smoke in here. It’s against the rules.  a. shouldn’t 	b. mightn’t 	c. mustn’t 	d. needn’t8. He ....to the doctor after the accident, but he continued to play instead.  a. must have gone 	b. should have gone 	c. couldn’t go 	d. didn’t have to go 9. The kitchen ....dirty because she has just cleaned it.  a. should be 	b. can’t be 	c. mustn’t be 	d. may be10. Tim looks so frightened and upset. He.... something terrible. a. must experience 	b. can have experienced c.should have experienced 	d. must have experienced