Grammar lớp 11

iễn)
Khẳng định
S + am / is / are + V-ing
S + was / were + V-ing
Phủ định
S + am not / isn’t / aren’t + V-ing
S + wasn’t / weren’t + V-ing
Nghi vấn
Am / Is / Are + S + V-ing …?
Was / Were + S + V-ing …?
Bị động
…am / is / are + being + V-ed/Vpp…
…was / were + being + V-ed/Vpp…
Nhận biết
- now, at present
- at the / this moment
- Sau câu mệnh lệnh :
 Keep silent! The baby is sleeping
- At that moment
- When / As + (simple past): 
 When I came, she was crying.
- While : 
 A dog crossed the road while I was driving.
 Thì
Dạng
PRESENT PERFECT
(Hiện Tại hoàn thành)
PAST PERFECT
(Qúa Khứ hoàn thành)
Khẳng định
S + has / have + V-ed/Vpp
S + had + V-ed/Vpp
Phủ định
S + hasn’t / haven’t + V-ed/Vpp
S + hadn’t + V-ed/Vpp
Nghi vấn
Has / Have + S + V-ed/Vpp …?
Had + S + V-ed/Vpp…?
Bị động
…has / have + been + V-ed/Vpp…
…had been + V-ed/Vpp…
Nhận biết
- just, already, ever, yet, recent(ly), lately
- since, for : since 1995, for 9 years
- so far, up to now, from then 
- after + (past perfect), (simple past)
- before + (simple past), (past perfect)
- by the time/when ( Vpast), Had + Vpp
Exercise:
Supply the correct verb forms.
1. I (see)…………... a car accident while I (wait)………………... for you on this corner yesterday.
2. Mr. john (be)………………….. principal of our school since last year.
3. Mr. Smith (teach) ………………….at this school since he (graduate) …………...in 1980.
4. My father (not watch) ………………..TV every night.
5. I (meet) ……………..Authur three weeks ago.
6. Yesterday the police (report)…………….… that they (capture)………………... the thief.
7. My friend (thank)…………….…… me for what I had done for him.
8. Someone (steal)………………….… my handbag on the bus.
9. The Browns (live)………….… in Paris for 7 years when the second World War (break)………..…. down.
10. Last month I (be)…………. in the hospital for ten days.
11. Don't call me in the afternoon. I usually (be)…………… away in the afternoon.
12. Mr. Clark (be)…………. in New York 2 months ago. Mr. Rossi (be)…………. in New York until 2 months ago.
13. John (drive) …………..that car ever since I (know) …………………..him.
14. People (speak)……………… English in most of Canada.
15. The dog (wag)…………. his tail whenever he (see)…………….. me.
Unit3 and Unit 4
Infinitive:
INFINITIVE AND GERUND
I.
A. TO – INFINITIVE ( Bị động : To be V3)
 Verb + to - infinitive
Agree( đồng ý)	decide	( quyết định)	refuse (từ chối)	volunteer( tình nguyện)
fail ( thất bại)	learn(học)	expect hi vọng	hope	
manage(nỗ lực)	plan ( dự định)	promise( hứa)	seem (dường như)
want	threaten( đe dọa)	determine ( quyết tâm)	tend (có khuynh hướng)
prepare( chuẩn bị)	wish( mong muốn)	demand( yêu cầu)	offer ( đề nghị)
afford ( đủ khả năng chi trả)	arrange( sắp xếp)	
Ex: I like that car, but I can’t afford to buy it.
 	 We arranged to meet him at the airport at 6:00 a.m
II
 Verb + Object + To-inf
1. Advise 	sb to do sth 	: khuyên 	ai làm gì
2. allow/ permit	: cho phép
3. ask	: yêu cầu
4. encourage 	 	: khuyến khích
5. forbid	: cấm
6. invite 	: mời 
7. persuade 	: thuyết phục
8. tell 	: bảo
Ex : Doctors advised us to give up smoking
III.
 To -inf = In order to –inf = So as to – inf : diễn tả mục đích
Ex : I study English in order to find a good job
 	 I listen to music to relax
 Để diễn tả mục đích ta có thể dung mẫu câu : S + V + so that + S + can/ could + V
 	 Ex : I study English so that I can find a good job
IV.
 * S + V + adj / adv + enough +( for sb) to do sth : 	 đủ ….. để làm….
 * S + V + too + adj./ adv + (for sb) to do sth : … quá…tới nỗi…( không làm được)
C. GERUND ( V-ing ) ( Bị động : Being V3)
 Verb + gerund
Avoid (tránh)	 	 Consider (xem xét)	Enjoy	Finish	
Mind (bận tâm, phiền)	 Practise	Prevent	(ngăn cản)	Suggest ( đề nghị)
Miss (bỏ lỡ)	 Can’t bear(không thể không)	Admit ( thú nhận)	Delay (trì hoãn)	
Deny (bác bỏ)	 Discuss (thảo luận)	Can’t help (không thể không)	Keep (vẫn cứ….)
Mention (đề cập)	Postpone (hoãn lại)	Dislike	
Quit ( từ bỏ)	Risk ( liều, bất chấp)	Appreciate (đánh giá cao)
Ex : Would you mind lending me some money?
* Một số trường hợp khác
It’s no use / good + V-ing 	: vô ích
It’s worth + V-ing 	: đáng, xứng đáng …
have fun/ a good time / trouble / difficulty /a hard time /a difficult time + V-ing
Spend time / money + V-ing
get / be used to + V-ing
giới từ + V-ing
Verb followed by either the Infinitive or Gerund (change in meaning)
1. Stop + V-ing	 : ngừng việc đang làm; Stop to 	 : ngừng để làm việc khác
2. regret / remember / forget + V-ing : (hành động đã xảy ra trước)
Ex : I remember visiting you last year.
 regret / remember / forget + To-inf : ( hành động sẽ xảy ra sau)
Ex : Remember to close the doors before you go to work!
3. try + V-ing 	: thử 	; try + to 	: cố gắng
Ex : I have tried drinking coffee without any sugar, but I think it’s awful
 I tried to pass the exam.
4. Allow / advise / permit + 	O + 	to-inf
 Allow / advise / permit +	(without O) + 	V-ing
	Ex : My father advised me to get up early.
	 Doctors advise giving up smoking.
Câu bị động với Infinitive và gerund
 * To –inf -> To be V3/ ed
 * V-ing -> Being V3/ ed
Ex : We dislike being cheated
 I don’t want to be laughed at.
Present participle:
D ùng trong c ác th ì ti ếp di ễn.
D ùng sau c ác đ ộng t ừ:
See
 Hear + O + V-ing
 Feel
 Watch
 find
spend / waste + time / money + V-ing
Perfect gerund and perfect participle:
	Having + V3/ed
Gerund (V-ing) or infinitive:
1. He’s expecting (make)________ a trip to Ha Long Bay.
2. Students stopped (make)__________ noise when the teacher came in.
3. Ann likes (cook)_________ but hates (wash)________ up.
4. I enjoy (listen)_________ to classical music.
4. Would you mind (buy) ___________ me a newspaper.
5. I hates him (make)_________ friends with those guys.
6. Did you remember (phone)_________ Ann? 
7. Does the city government intend (do)__________ anything about pollution?
8. They finished (learn)_________ and then they wanted (go) ___________ out for pleasure.
9. When you see Tom, remember (give)__________ him my regards.
10. I hope (not/do)_____________ that tiring work again.
Unit 5 and Unit 6:
 Reported speech with infinitive and gerund
Nhóm đi với to-inf
Nhóm đi với V-ing
Advise (khuyên)
Warn (cảnh báo)
Remind ( nhắc nhở)
Promise (hứa)	+ ( O ) + to -inf
Invite ( mời)
Encourage ( khuyến khích)
Ask (yêu cầu)
Agree ( đồng ý)
Ex : @“ We’ll come back again” 
 -> They promised to come back again.
 @ “You’d better get up early”
 -> He advised me to get up early.
 @ “Could you close the window?” John said to Peter
 -> John asked Peter to close the door
 @ “Remember to lock the door ” my sister said
 -> My sister reminded me to lock the door 
 @ “Come and see me whenever you want” 
 -> She invited me to come and see her whenever I wanted
Accuse sb of + V-ing ( buộc tội)
Admit + V-ing ( phủ nhận)
Suggest + V-ing ( đề nghị)
Apologize for + V-ing ( xin lỗi)
Thank for + V-ing ( cảm ơn)
Blame sb for V-ing ( đổ thừa)
Congratulate sb on + V-ing ( chúc mừng)
Insist on + V-ing ( khăng khăng)
Warn sb against V-ing (khuyến cáo ai đừng làm gì)
Prevent/ stop sb from + V-ing ( ngăn cản ai không được làm gì)
Ex : 
@ “I hear you passed the exam. Congratulations!” John said to us
-> John congratulated us on passing our exams
@ “I’m sorry I’m late” Mary said
-> Mary apologized for being late
@ “You stole my watch” the man said
-> The man accused me of stealing his watch.
@ “I’ve lost your letter” he said
-> He admitted losing my letter 
 @ “ I didn’t break your window”
-> He denied breaking my window
BẢNG NGUYÊN TẮC ĐỔI 
Personal pronouns 
Subject
Object
Possessive Adj ( tính từ sở hữu)
Ngôi
Lưu ý
 I
Me
My
1
Đổi theo người nói ( chủ từ)
We
Us
Our
1
You
You
Your
2
Đổi theo người nghe ( tân ngữ)
They
Them
Their
3
Không thay đổi
He
Him
His
3
She
Her
Her
3
It
It
Its
3
John
Him
His
3
Mary
Her
her
3
Tense 
Simple present 
V1/ s/ es 
Simple past
V2/ ed
Present cont.
Am/ is/ are + V-ing
Past cont.
Was/ were + V-ing
Simple past
V2/ ed
Past perfect
Had + V3/ ed
Present perfect
Have/ has + V3/ed
Past perfect
Had + V3/ ed
Will / shall/ can
Would/ should / could
Must
Had to
Must not
Was/ were not to
Needn’t + V
Didn’t have to + V
Indirect speech: IMPERATIVES
1. My husband said to me “Go to the movie!”
à……………………………………………………………………………..
2. I said to him “Stay at home!”
à……………………………………………………………………………..
3. My son said to us “Watch TV!”
à……………………………………………………………………………..
4. My daughter said to us “Don’t laugh!”
à……………………………………………………………………………..
5. My mother said to kids “Stop fighting!”
à……………………………………………………………………………..
6. He said to her “Can you speak up?”
à……………………………………………………………………………..
7. The teacher said to the children “Don’t make noise in class!:”
à……………………………………………………………………………..
8. He told “Come at 5 o’clock!”
à……………………………………………………………………………..
9. They ordered “Pay at one!”
à……………………………………………………………………………..
10. The teacher said to them “Do it again!”
à……………………………………………………………………………..
11. “Please lend me your dictionary, Quang!” said Hoa.
à……………………………………………………………………………..
12. “Can you help me with my homework?” Minh said to his sister.
à……………………………………………………………………………..
Unit 7 and Unit 8
CONDITIONAL SENTENCES
Conditonal sentence type 1 : Diễn tả một điều kiện có thể thực hiện được hoặc có thể xảy ra. 
If S + simple present , S + will/ can + Bare-inf
Ex : Give me money, I’ll buy you some good books
If you give me money, I will buy you some good books
Conditonal sentence type 2 : Diễn tả một điều kiện ngược thực tế trong hiện tại
If S + simple past , S + would / could + Bare-inf
( Gặp “be” thì chia were cho tất cả các ngôi)
Ex : He doesn’t get married. He feels lonely. ( Câu đề dùng thì hiện tại)
If he got married, he wouldn’t feel lonely
Conditonal sentence type 3 : Diễn tả một điều kiện ngược thực tế trong quaù khöù
 If S + had + V3 , S +