Giáo án tiếng Anh 12 - Work /wɜːk ~ wɜːrk/ verb

 ▪ ‘Is this trip for 
business or pleasure?’ ‘Business, I’m afraid.’do business ▪ The paper claims to provide proof that some drug lords 
are doing business from their jail cells. 
business trip/meeting/traveller, etc. ▪ ‘Where’s Michael?’ ‘He’s at a business meeting.’ ▪ This is strictly a 
business trip. ▪ Our main market is the business traveler looking for cheap overnight accommodation.on business 
for business, not pleasure ▪ I have to go to Tokyo next month on business. 
duties /ˈdjuːtizǁˈduː-/ [plural noun] the various things that you have to do as part of your job - used especially in 
contracts or other official documents: somebody’s duties ▪ In addition to secretarial and general office work, your 
duties will include providing the directors with refreshments. ▪ As soon as she returned home from her 
honeymoon, she resumed her medical duties at the clinic. 
go about/perform/fulfil duties ▪ A teacher can be dismissed for not performing his or her contractual duties. ▪ 
She is a member of staff, and like all of us, she has duties to fulfil. ▪ I admired him, especially because of the way 
he went about his duties efficiently. 
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suspend somebody/relieve somebody from duties to stop them doing their job for a period of time ▪ Three 
instructors have been suspended from duties while sexual harassment charges are investigated. ▪ Nine officers 
were relieved of their duties after McDuffie’s death. 
2. work that a student does 
homework /ˈhəʊmwɜːʳk/ [uncountable noun] the work that a student has to do at home as part of their studies: ▪ 
My brother always used to help me with my homework. 
do (your) homework ▪ I’m sorry Gail, but Amber has to stay home and do her homework. ▪ Oh, I’ve got so much 
homework to do! ▪ Did you get your homework done Jason? 
have homework ▪ I don’t have any homework tonight. ▪ Have you got a lot of homework then? 
for homework ▪ For homework, I’d like you to finish exercises 2 and 3 on page 24.English/geography, etc. 
homework ▪ Dave, have you done your French homework? 
classwork /ˈklɑːswɜːʳkǁˈklæs-/ [uncountable noun] the work that a student does when they are at school, rather 
than work they do at home: ▪ Mrs Hoffmann, I’m calling about Mike’s classwork. There are some problems. ▪ The 
units are ideal for classwork, but can also be used by students at home. 
schoolwork /ˈskuːlwɜːʳk/ [uncountable noun] all the work that a student has to do for their studies: ▪ Johnny’s had 
a lot of problems at home recently and it’s starting to affect his schoolwork. ▪ The program combines schoolwork 
with job experience. ▪ Tim, a third-grader, had difficulty with his schoolwork, and also found it hard to make 
friends. 
coursework /ˈkɔːʳswɜːʳk/ [uncountable noun] British the work that a student has to do for the course that they are 
studying, especially when this is compared with work done in examinations: ▪ Half of the marks are for the exam, 
the rest are for coursework. ▪ None of the coursework seemed to have much relevance to being a nurse in a busy 
hospital. ▪ I’m just so behind on the coursework. 
studies /ˈstʌdiz/ [plural noun] formal the work that a student does at a school or university: somebody’s studies ▪ 
After the war, he resumed his studies at the University of Turin. ▪ Her parents insisted that she give up the 
vacation job, as they felt it was interfering with her studies. 
finish/complete your studies ▪ After completing her studies at the University, she worked as a nurse for six 
years. 
3. work that you have to do in your home 
housework /ˈhaʊswɜːʳk/ [uncountable noun] work that needs to be done in your home, for example, cleaning, 
washing clothes, or keeping rooms tidy: ▪ None of her kids ever help with the housework. ▪ I’ve got to catch up on 
the housework this weekend. 
do housework ▪ Well, I did all my housework this morning, though you wouldn’t think it to look at the place 
now. 
work /wɜːʳk/ [uncountable noun] the things that you have to do in your home, for yourself or your family: ▪ The 
garden needs a bit more work, but it’s almost finished. ▪ Use the best tools and materials you can afford to give a 
professional finish to your DIY work. 
do some/any more/a bit of, etc. work ▪ ‘Where’s Dave?’ ‘He’s outside, doing some work on the car, I 
think.’work on ▪ I’m not doing any more work on the house this year, I can’t be bothered. 
4. a piece of work done by an artist, musician, etc. 
work /wɜːʳk/ [countable noun usually plural] something such as a painting, film, book, or long piece of music 
produced by an artist, writer, etc.: ▪ The painting is one of Picasso’s earlier works. ▪ A major new work by one of 
Poland’s leading film directors will be shown next Saturday. 
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work of art a painting or sculpture, especially a famous, important, or very valuable one ▪ The highest price paid 
for a work of art was the £30.2 million for Van Gogh’s ‘Irises’. 
complete works of somebody all the things that someone has produced ▪ the complete works of William 
Shakespeare 
piece /piːs/ [countable noun] something that has been produced by an artist, musician, or writer, for example a 
painting or drawing or a short piece of music or writing: ▪ The concert began with three short pieces by the 
Brazilian composer Villa-Lobos. ▪ The collection includes pieces in both oils and watercolours, with a range of 
still life paintings. 
piece of music/writing/work, etc. ▪ Another typical piece of Owen’s work is the poem, ‘The Sentry’. ▪ a truly 
impressive piece of Greek sculpture 
5. the effort involved in working 
work /wɜːʳk/ [uncountable noun] ▪ David tries to avoid work at all times. ▪ It seems to be an awful lot of work to 
keep this place looking tidy. 
hard work ▪ Finally, I would like to thank all the staff for their hard work this year. ▪ My daughter gained her 
grades through sheer hard work and determination.put work into something ▪ His last few speeches had been 
awful, and he knew he had to put more work into them. ▪ Phil has had the car for two years and has put hours of 
work into it. 
a considerable/huge/immense, etc. amount of work ▪ A considerable amount of work was necessary to establish 
even this basic framework. ▪ The students have put a huge amount of work into the scheme. 
good/sterling work used to say that the effort someone has made is good ▪ Well done Peter -- keep up the good 
work. ▪ I hope you’ll join me in paying tribute to the sterling work done by the committee this year. 
effort /ˈefəʳt/ [uncountable noun] the physical or mental energy that is needed to do something: ▪ It seemed like a 
lot of effort for a very small gain. ▪ His last piece does require some effort from the listener, but it’s well worth it. 
with effort ▪ He mounted the slope with effort, breathing hard.a waste of effort ▪ I could have told you it would be 
a waste of effort. 
put effort in/into something ▪ After all the effort I put in, they had better be satisfied! ▪ Vicki has hardly put in 
any effort, yet she’s expecting the same rewards as everyone else. 
take/require effort ▪ This exercise isn’t difficult - it shouldn’t require much effort. ▪ The former method takes a 
bit more effort, but the results are more reliable. 
be (well) worth the effort use this when the energy you use is worth using, because the result is good ▪ Children 
are hard work, of course, but worth the effort. ▪ The climb is arduous, but well worth the effort, as the views from 
the top are spectacular. 
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time and effort ▪ I’ve spent a lot of time and effort getting this far. I’m not giving up now. 
labour British /labor American /ˈleɪbəʳ/ [uncountable noun] hard physical work, such as digging, lifting, or 
cleaning: ▪ Many women do all the work in the home, and their labour is unpaid. ▪ Marx defined the working class 
as people who sell their labour to employers. 
manual/physical labour ▪ You don’t look as if you could do physical labor.farm/agricultural labour ▪ rising 
opportunities in agricultural labor in the North 
commitment /kəˈmɪtmənt/ [uncountable noun] the hard work and loyalty that someone gives to an organization, 
activity, or piece of work, because they really care about it and believe in it: ▪ Thanks to your energy and 
commitment, the fundraiser was a great success. 
commitment to ▪ Your commitment to the project is very much appreciated by management. 
total/absolute/full commitment ▪ He is adamant that he wants total commitment and effort in the build-up to the 
match. ▪ Lawrence promised full commitment in his drive to make Santa Barbara College the most successful 
school in the region. 
6. unpleasant or boring work 
grind /graɪnd/ [singular noun] things that you have to do every day, especially as part of your job, which are 
boring and make you feel tired: grind of ▪ Work feels like such a grind lately. ▪ The relentless grind of hard 
labour and ill-health had taken its toll on Booth.the daily grind ▪ The daily grind of meetings and tutorials went 
on.hard grind British ▪ The Prime Minister is pictured taking a break from the hard grind of political life. 
be a slog /biː ə ˈslɒgǁ-ˈslɑːg/ [verb phrase] British use this to say that work is difficult, boring, and tiring: ▪ The 
journey across the valley to the farm is going to be a slog. 
hard/long slog ▪ It’s a hard slog isn’t it? I wish we’d got further yesterday. ▪ Cutting all the wood before nightfall 
was a long, hard slog. 
donkey work British /grunt work American /ˈdɒŋki wɜːʳkǁˈdɑːŋki-, ˈgrʌnt wɜːʳk/ [uncountable noun] informal 
work that is boring or takes a lot of time and effort, but that has to be done as part of a job or larger piece of work: 
▪ I was doing grunt work for the secretary in the department, twenty hours a week. ▪ The real donkey work was 
actually done by those gu