Đề thi tuyển sinh đại học năm 2013 môn: tiếng Anh, Khối D

alization believe aspects of the way globalization operates should be changed. The debate over globalization is about what the best rules are for governing the global economy so that its advantages can grow while its problems can be solved. 
On one side of this debate are those who stress the benefits of removing barriers to international trade and investment, allowing capital to be allocated more efficiently and giving consumers greater freedom of choice. With free-market globalization, investment funds can move unimpeded from the rich countries to the developing countries. Consumers can benefit from cheaper products because reduced taxes make goods produced at low cost from faraway places cheaper to buy. Producers of goods gain by selling to a wider market. More competition keeps sellers on their toes and allows ideas and new technology to spread and benefit others. 
On the other side of the debate are critics who see neo-liberal policies as producing greater poverty,inequality, social conflict, cultural destruction, and environmental damage. They say that the most developed nations - the United States, Germany, and Japan - succeeded not because of free trade but because of protectionism and subsidies. They argue that the more recently successful economies of South Korea, Taiwan, and China all had strong state-led development strategies that did not follow neo-liberalism. These critics think that government encouragement of “infant industries” - that is, industries that are just beginning to develop - enables a country to become internationally competitive. 
Furthermore, those who criticize the Washington Consensus suggest that the inflow and outflow of money 
from speculative investors must be limited to prevent bubbles. These bubbles are characterized by the rapid inflow of foreign funds that bid up domestic stock markets and property values. When the economy cannot sustain such expectations, the bubbles burst as investors panic and pull their money out of the country. 
 	Protests by what is called the anti-globalization movement are seldom directed against globalization itself but rather against abuses that harm the rights of workers and the environment. The question raised by nongovernmental organizations and protesters at WTO and IMF gatherings is whether globalization will result in a rise of living standards or a race to the bottom as competition takes the form of lowering living standards and undermining environmental regulations. 
One of the key problems of the 21st century will be determining to what extent markets should be regulated to promote fair competition, honest dealing, and fair distribution of public goods on a global scale. From “Globalization” 
Question 41: It is stated in the passage that ______. 
A. critics of globalization say that the successful economies are all in Asia 
B. the protests of globalization are directed against globalization itself 
C. supporters of globalization stress the benefits of removing trade barriers 
D. the United States, Germany, and Japan succeeded in helping infant industries 
Question 42: Supporters of free-market globalization point out that ______. 
A. investment will be allocated only to rich countries 	B. taxes that are paid on goods will be increased 
C. there will be less competition among producers 	D. consumers can benefit from cheaper products 
Question 43: The word “allocated” in the passage mostly means “______”. 
A. distributed 	B. solved 	C. removed 	D. offered 
Question 44: The phrase “keeps sellers on their toes” in the passage mostly means “______”. 
A. prevents sellers from selling new products B. forces sellers to go bare-footed 
C. makes sellers responsive to any changes D. allows sellers to stand on their own feet 
Question 45: According to critics of globalization, several developed countries have become rich because of ______. 
A. their help to developing countries 	B. their neo-liberal policies 
C. their protectionism and subsidies 	D. their prevention of bubbles 
Question 46: The word “undermining” in the passage mostly means “______”. 
A. obeying 	B. making less effective C. observing 	D. making more effective 
Question 47: Infant industries mentioned in the passage are ______. 
A. young companies 	B. development strategies C. young industries 	D. successful economies 
Question 48: Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage? 
A. Critics believe the way globalization operates should be changed. 
B. The anti-globalization movement was set up to end globalization. 
C. Hardly anyone disapproves of globalization in its entirety. 
D. Some Asian countries had strong state-led economic strategies. 
Question 49: The debate over globalization is about how ______. 
A. to spread ideas and strategies for globalization B. to govern the global economy for the benefit of the community 
C. to use neo-liberal policies for the benefit of the rich countries 	D. to terminate globalization in its entirety 
Question 50: The author seems to be __ globalization that helps promote economy and raise living standards globally. 
A. supportive of 	B. pessimistic about 	C. indifferent to 	D. opposed to 
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s) 
Question 51: The works of such men as the English philosophers John Locke and Thomas Hobbes helped pave the way for academic freedom in the modern sense. 
A. terminate 	B. prevent 	C. initiate 	D. lighten 
Question 52: E-cash cards are the main means of all transactions in a cashless society. 
A. cash-starved 	B. cash-strapped 	C. cash-in-hand 	D. cash-free 
Question 53: Many scientists agree that global warming poses great threats to all species on Earth. 
A. risks 	B. annoyances 	C. fears 	D. irritations 
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s). 
Question 54: Population growth rates vary among regions and even among countries within the same region. 
A. restrain 	B. stay unchanged 	C. remain unstable 	D. fluctuate 
Question 55: In some countries, the disease burden could be prevented through environmental improvements. 
A. something to suffer 	B. something enjoyable 	C. something sad 	D. something to entertain 
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions 
New surveys suggest that the technological tools we use to make our lives easier are killing our leisure time. We are working longer hours, taking fewer and shorter vacations (and when we do go away, we take our cell phones, PDAs, and laptops along). And, we are more stressed than ever as increased use of e-mail, voice mail, cell phones, and the Internet is destroying any idea of privacy and leisure. 
Since the Industrial Revolution, people have assumed that new labor-saving devices would free them from 
the burdens of the workplace and give them more time to grow intellectually, creatively, and socially - exploring the arts, keeping up with current events, spending more time with friends and family, and even just ‘goofing off’. 
But here we are at the start of the 21st century, enjoying one of the greatest technological boom times in human history, and nothing could be further from the truth. The very tools that were supposed to liberate us have bound us to our work and study in ways that were inconceivable just a few years ago. It would seem that technology almost never does what we expect. 
In ‘the old days’, the lines between work and leisure time were markedly clearer. People left their offices at a 
predictable time, were often completely disconnected from and out of touch with their jobs as they traveled to and from work, and were off-duty once they were home. That is no longer true. In today's highly competitive job market, employers demand increased productivity, expecting workers to put in longer hours and to keep in touch almost constantly via fax, cell phones, e-mail, or other communications devices. As a result, employees feel the need to check in on what is going on at the office, even on days off. They feel pressured to work after hours just to catch up on everything they have to do. Workers work harder and longer, change their work tasks more frequently, and have more and more reasons to worry about job security. 
Bosses, colleagues, family members, lovers, and friends expect instant responses to voice mail and e-mail 
messages. Even college students have become bound to their desks by an environment in which faculty, friends, and other members of the college community increasingly do their work online. Studies of time spent on instant messaging services would probably show staggering use. 
This is not what technology was supposed to be doing for us. New technologies, from genetic research to the Internet, offer all sorts of benefits and opportunities. But, when new tools make life more difficult and stressful rather than easier and more meaningful - and we are, as a society, barely conscious of it - then something has gone seriously awry, both with our expectations for technology and our understanding of how it should benefit us. 	
Question 56: According to the first three paragraphs, technological tools that were designed to make our 
lives easier ______. 
A. have not interfered with our privacy 	B. have turned out to do us more harm than good 
C. have brought us complete happiness 	D. have fully met our expectations 
Question 57: Which of the following is NOT true about technological tools, according to new surveys? 
A. They are being increasingly used. 	B. They are used even during vacations. 
C. They make our life more stressful. 	D. They bring more leisure to our life. 
Question 58: Which of the following is true, according to the passage? 
A. Students used to have to study more about technological advances. 
B. People have more opportunities to get access to technological applicat