Ôn thi học sinh giỏi môn Tiếng Anh - Inversion: Câu đảo ngữ
1. Định nghĩa
– Trong một số trường hợp các phó từ không đứng ở vị trí bình thường của nó mà đảo lên đứng ở đầu câu nhằm nhấn mạnh vào hành động của chủ ngữ. Người ta gọi đó là câu đảo ngữ. Trong trường hợp đó ngữ pháp sẽ thay đổi, đằng sau phó từ đứng đầu câu là trợ động từ rồi mới đến chủ ngữ và động từ chính.
Ví dụ:
Little did I know that he was a compulsive liar.
At no time (= never) did I say I would accept late homework.
2. Câu đảo ngữ có chứa trạng từ phủ định
2.1. Nhóm từ “rarely, seldom, never”
Câu đảo ngữ chứa những trạng từ này thường được dùng với động từ ở dạng hoàn thành hay động từ khuyết thiếu và có thể chứa so sánh hơn.
Ví dụ:
Never have I been more insulted! (Chưa bao giờ tôi bị lăng mạ hơn thế).
Never in her life had she experienced this exhilarating emotion.
Seldom has he seen anything stranger. (Hiếm khi anh ấy nhìn thấy một cái gì kì lạ hơn thế).
Seldom have I seen him looking so miserable.
2.2. Nhóm từ “hardly, scarcely when, hardly (ever) when, no sooner than”
Câu đảo ngữ chứa trạng ngữ này thường được dùng để diễn đạt một chuỗi các sự kiện xảy ra trong quá khứ.
Ví dụ:
Scarcely had I got out of bed when the doorbell rang. (Hiếm khi chuông cửa reo mà tôi thức dậy).
No sooner had he finished dinner than she walked in the door. (Khi anh ấy vừa mới ăn tối xong thì chị ta bước vào cửa).
3. Nhóm từ kết hợp sau “only” như: only after, only then, only when
Only after/only when/only then/only if + trợ động từ + S + V : chỉ sau khi .
Only by + noun/V-ing + trợ động từ/ động từ khuyết thiếu + S + V .: chỉ bằng cách làm gì
Only then did I understand the problem. (Chỉ sau lúc đó tôi mới hiểu ra được vấn đề).
Only by hard work will we be able to accomplish this great task.
Only by studying hard can you pass this exam.
Chú ý: nếu trong câu có hai mệnh đề, chúng ta dùng đảo ngữ ở mệnh đề thứ hai:
Only when you grow up, can you understand it.
Only if you tell me the truth, can I forgive you.
Only after the film started did I realise that I'd seen it before
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………..…. 29) If/ smoke/ there/ greater chance/ you /die/ lung cancer.à………………………………………………………. 30) accident/fault /so/I/ pay/damage.à…………………………………………………………………………….. 31) You/ borrow/ book/ if/ promise/ keep/ clean.à……………………………………………………………..…… 32) going /visit/ friends/make with /hostel.à………………………………………………………………..……… 33) begin/ rain/ manager/ get/ office/ morning.à…………………………………………………………………… 34) When/ boy/ twelve/ father /die/ dangerous disease.à……………………………………………….…………. 35) I /tell/ meeting/ if/ see/ tomorrow.à………………………………………………………………………….…. 36) It /important /brother/ stops /smoke/ once.à…………………………………………………………………… 37) I /think over/ offer /give /my answer /soon /possible.à…………………………………………………………. 38) After / dinner/ set out /saying/ where /going.à………………………………………………………..……….. 39) We/ invite /party /occasion /birthday.à………………………………………………………………….……… 40) She /leave /wait/ rain /minutes /night.à………………………………………………………….……………… 41) sister /willing /help /mother /housework /when /holiday.à… ………………………………………………….. 42) police /say /no/ connection /two murders.à……………………………………………………….…………… *PRACTICE 1: 1) You / have / new / bicycle / soon. à……………………………………………………………………..……… 2) I / want / more /money. à………………………………………………………..…………………….……. 3) They / not like / sleep /window /open à……………………………………………………………………….. 4) Let’s / pretend / we / not here. à………………………………………………..……………………………. 5) They / agree /be / present / meeting /tomorrow.à………………………………………………………………. 6) I / encourage him / start /take /more exercises.à………………………………… …………………………… 7) He /fond / eat / chocolates. à…………………………………………………………………………………… 8) I /hate / get up / early. à………………………………………………………………………………………… 9) He / give / it / his mother-in-law(mẹ vợ).à……………………………………………………………………… 10) They /love / eat / raw fish( cá sống). à………………………………………………………………………….. * PRACTICE 2: 1) At last / arrive / Paris / but / terrible trip.à…………………………………………………………………..….. 2) Train / crowded / ferry / delay / two hours.à………………………………………………………………...... 3) But I / be afraid / be unable / accept /offer.à……………………………………………………………………... 4) I / take up / similar position / another company soon.à………………… ……………………………………... 5) As pay / conditions / better there / I / turn down / offer.à……………………………………………………….. 6) My wife / secretary company / she likes / me/ work there.à………………………………………………….… 7) Other company / also situated / nearer / home.à………………………………………………………………. 8) Thank you / time / you give / my application.à……………………………………………………………..….. 9) I / be sure / you find / suitable applicant / fill / vacancy.à………………… ……………………………………. 10) I / look / forward / see again / some day.à…………………………………………………………..…….….. * PRACTICE 3: 1) The farmer / walk / the sheds / his farmà……………………………………………………..…………..…….. 2) He / see / a light / coachhouse. à…………………………………………………………………….…………. 3) He / open / door / and see / a beggar. à……………………………………………………………………..…… 4) The beggar / lying / sleeping à…………………………………………………………………………..…… 5) farmer / terrified / à…………………………………………………………………………..……………..… 6) He /walk / backwards / out / shed / à……………………………………………………………………………. 7) He /say / it / be / old beggar / he / dead. à…………………………………………………….…………………. 8) Next morning / when / get up / he / call / coachmanà……………………………………………………………. 9) He / ask / if the coachman / let /old beggar / sleep.à…………………………………….……………………….. 10) Coachman / he couldn’t let / old beggar / sleep / out / snow.à………………………………………………… *PRACTICE 4: 1) I / not / mind / help / you. à……………………………………………………………………………………... 2) He / wait / her / hour. à………………………………………………………………………………………….. 3) He / leave / Sydney / Canberra / Sunday morning.à……………………………………………………………… 4) The workers / try / put / fire / control.à………………………………………………...………………………… 5) Someone / knock / door. à…………………………………………………………………………….………… 6) I / sit / late / at night. à…………………………………………………………………………………….……. 7) Jane / beautiful / her sister. à………………………………………………………………………..………….. 8) not / hesitate / ask / my help / necessary.à………………………………………………….…………………….. 9) They / try / look / job / since / June.à………………………………………………………..………………….. 10) I / good / chemistry / school. à…………………………………………………………………….………… * PRACTICE 5: 1) I / horrible / problem / hope / you help / ità……………………………………………………………..……….. 2) I go out / wonderful woman / a year now.à………………………………………………………………………. 3) We / get on / all sorts of ways / well.à………………………………………………………………………….. 4) I be / very much / love / her, à…………………………………………………………………………….…….. 5) I sure / want / marry her / but cannot / tellà…………………………………………………………..………. 6) I make up mind / ask her / several times / but get scared / last minuteà…………………………………………. 7) When / time come / I not get / anything outà…………………………………………………………………….. 8) I / go red / begin sweat /just can’t speakà………………………………………………………………………. 9) I be afraid / she / say no. à…………………………………………………………………………………….. 10) What I do / help me. à…………………………………………………………………………………….…… * PRACTICE 6: 1) Thank / your letter // I / be glad / you / come / at last // (two sentences) à……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. à…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 2) I / can / understand / you / be / worried //à…………………………………………………………………….. 3) I / never / forget / first day / abroad //à………………………………………………………………………..….. 4) Anyway / you / ask / advice // Here /be / some // (two sentences) à………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..….. à……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 5) First / all / pack / warm clothes / umbrella //à…………………………………………………………………. 6) You / not know / what / weather / be / go / like / even / summer //à…………………………………...………… 7) As / money / golden rule / be / not carry / much //à……………………………………………………………. 8) Most places / take / credit cards / travellers ‘checks //à……………………………………………………..… 9) Finally / public transport / be / reliable // à………………………………………………………………………….. 10) As / general / rule / best way / meet / people / be / start / talk / to them // à…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… *PRACTICE 7: 1) Penny / nervous / when / come / backà…………………………………………………………………………… 2) What / pity / phone / not work à………………………………………………………………………..……… 3) She / sit / living- room / read à……………………………………………………………………………….… 4) storm / heavy / and / noise / frightenà……………………………………………………………………..……… 5) then / lights / go out /à…………………………………………………………………………………………. 6) She / put / book / away / and / sit / darkà………………………………………………………………………… 7) suddenly / phone / ring à…………………………………………………………………………….………. 8) A voice said / ‘ I / glad / you / in / Miss White’/à……………………………………………………………… 9) ‘ I / like / come / see / you’ à……………………………………………………………………………..……. 10) Penny / afraid à………………………………………………………………………………………………. === KEY === 2) My parents prefer to live in the country because they dislike the noise and traffic of the city. 3) We don’t believe in whatever he says because he is a good liar. 4) Despite his old age,he joins all the social activities of the neighbourhood. 5) It is surprising that he has passed the examination. 6) The man injured in the accident was taken to hospital. 7) Now that the highway has been built,it takes only two hours to get there. 8) The only guest that was late for the party was our manager. 9) It is stupid of him to give up his job when he needs the money. 10) I wish I had gone to be beach with you last Sunday. 11) Neither he nor I am going to attend the meeting. 12) I have no use the public telephone because mine is out of order. 13) She walks by the church on her way to work everyday. 14) The factory closed because the workers went on strike last week. 15) The director was ill so his deputy gave the speech instead of him. 16) What happens to the picture that used to be hung on the wall? 17) I have complained to the manager of the restaurant about the food. 18) We have not seen the picture of our city as it looked 100 years ago. 19) The advantage of having a car is that you don’t have to rely on public transport. 20) It was at the age of 14 that Jack London left school and became a sailor. 21) Neither the boy’s teacher nor his parents are satisfied with his progress. 22) There has been an increase in road-accident in the last few years. 23) Mr Green took charge of the office while the director was away on his vacation. 24) He was furious at me for not inviting / for not having invited him to the party last Sunday. 25) It rained everyday so we had to spend most of our time indoors. 26) He showed me the photograph of the hotel where he had stayed during his holiday. 27) In my opinion,violent films should not be showed on television. 28) Do you know that Linda is engaged /has just got engaged to a friend of mine? 29) If you smoke,there is a great chance that you will die of lung cancer. 30) The accident was my fault so I had to pay for the damage. 31) You can borrow the book if you promise to keep it clean. 32) I’m going to visit the girl whom I have made friends with in the hostel. 33) It began to rain/ after the manager had got to the office this morning. 34) When the boy was twelve his father died of a dangerous disease. 35) I will tell her about the meeting if I see her tomorrow. 36) It is important that your brother stops / should stop smoking. 37) I will think over your offer and give you my answer as soon as possible. 38) After dinner he set out without saying where he was going. 39) We were invited to the party on the occasion of her birthday. 40) She left me waiting in the rain fir ten minutes last night. 41) My sister is willing to help our mother with the housework when she has a holiday. 42) The police says/ said (that) there is /was no connection between the two murders. * PRACTICE 1: 1) You will have a new bicycle soon. 2) I want to earn more money. 3) They don’t like sleeping by the open window. 4) Let’s pretend that we are not here. 5) They agree to be present at the meeting tomorrow. 6) I encourage him to s
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