Ôn tập tiếng Anh 9

CONDITIONAL SENTENCES
1-Điều kiện có thể xảy ra ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai (Điều kiện loại I) 
 If clause : simple present,  Main clause : will/shall/can/may + bare-infinitive
Ex1: If it rain, we won’t go for a picnic
Ex2: Our natural resources will disappear if we do not conserve them
 Notes: - Ta có thể sử dụng mệnh lệnh ở mệnh đề chính.    Ex: If you drink, don’t drive
- Ta có thể sử dụng “should” ở mệnh đề điều kiện để tỏ ý nghi ngờ.
   	Ex: If he should call, tell him I will ring back.
 	- Dạng rút gọn ở mệnh đề điều kiện (if possible, if necessary, if so................)
  Ex: If necessary, I will help you.
 	-Ta có thể sử dụng dạng mệnh lệnh để thay cho mệnh đề chỉ điều kiện.        
  	Trong trường hợp này, giữa hai mệnh đề thường có các liên từ như sau: and, or, else, otherwise.
2-Điều kiện không xảy ra ở hiện tại (ĐK II) (present unreal condition ) 
 Main clause: would/could/might + bare-infinitive, If clause: simple past
Ex1: If she had wings, she would fly to an island
Ex2: He would build more houses if he were a king.
Note: - ‘If I were you/I were in your position.................’được sử dụng để khuyên nhủ.
Ex: If I were you, I would accept the invitation ( = You should accept the invitation ).
GERUND
The gerund is used as a subject, a complement, an object of a verb or an object of a preposition 
(danh động từ được sử dụng như một chủ ngữ, bổ túc từ, túc từ của một động từ, hay túc từ của một giới từ).....
Ex1: Seeing is believing ( S= gerund)
Ex2: Her hobby is listening to music ( complement = gerund)
Ex3: They have finished doing exercises ( object = gerund)
Ex4: We are font of playing football (Object of an preposition = gerund)
Note: Danh động từ theo sau các động từ như: 
to enjoy, to mind, to avoid, to finish, to practise, to suggest, to postpone, to delay, to imagine, can’t help/stand...
Lưu ý cách sử dụng của các động từ : 
·        Forget + to-infinitive : quên (sẽ/ phải) làm gì
                Forget + ing : quên đã làm việc gì.
Ex1: She forgets being taken to the zoo by her father when she was six
Ex2: Don’t forget to shut the door before  leaving.
·        Remember + to-infinitive : nhớ ( sẽ/ phải) làm gì; 
           Remember + V-ing : nhớ đã làm gì
Ex1: They always remember going to cinema together.
Ex2: They remember to have a test on Wendnesday.
·        Stop + to-infinitive : dừng ( một việc) lại để làm gì; 
          Stop + V- ing : dừng làm một việc gì. 
Ex1: This moring , I saw Mr.Pike in the street, so I stopped to greet him
Ex2: The  teacher asked us to stop talking
·        Need + to- infinitive: cần làm gì ( active); 
          Need + V-ing: cần được ( passive)
Ex1: We need to repair the car.
Ex2: The car needs repairing.
 - Lưu ý cấu trúc: 
S + spend + time + V-ing .... = It + take + s.b + time + to-inf
CLAUSE OF REASON
  +Mệnh đề chỉ lý do là mệnh đề phụ bắt đầu bằng các liên từ chỉ lý do như BECAUSE, AS, SINCE. Ba chữ này đều có nghĩa vì, bởi vì nhưng cách dùng khác nhau.
Ví dụ:  a) Because
          - Because he was sleepy, he went to bed. – He went to bed because he was sleepy.
Mệnh đề phụ có chữ because có thể đứng trước hoặc sau mệnh đề chính. Tuy nhiên phải chú ý nếu mệnh đề phụ đi trước phải có dấu phảy (,) ngăn cách nó với mênh đề chính  
          b) As
          - As  she was free, she came to see me. 
            Vì cô ấy rảnh rỗi, cô ấy đến thăm tôi.
          c) Since
          - Since he doesn’t like music, he never goes to the concert 
             Vì anh ấy  không thích nhạc,  anh ấy không bao giờ đi xem hoà nhạc.
Mệnh đề since  và as luôn đứng trước mệnh đề chính.
          b) So/ As Long As
          - As long as  ( So long as) you’re not busy. Can you help me ?
            Vì bạn không bận rộn, bạn có thể giúp tôi ? 
  + Ngoài các liên từ phụ thuộc ( Subordinating Conjuctions) như Because, Since, As, As long as, ... chúng ta còn một liên từ kết hợp ( Co-ordinating conjuctions) FOR chỉ lý do.
          * Liên từ kết hợp là liên từ nối hai mệnh đề độc lập (independent clauses) và không dùng ở đầu câu.
Ví dụ:   - I phoned her, for I wanted to tell her about her exam.
          Tôi gọi điện cho cô ấy vì tôi muốn nói với cô ấy về kỳ thi của cô ấy.
  + Mệnh đề chỉ lý do còn có thể đổi ra cụm từ chỉ lý do ( phrases of reason) với because of hoặc due to.
Ví dụ:           - Because  the weather was cold, we stayed home.
          → Because of  the cold weather, we stayed home. 
          → Due to the cold  weather, we stayed home. 
            Vì thời tiết lạnh, chúng tôi ở nhà.
Because và Because of
 Because và Because of  đều có nghĩa là bởi  vì nhưng chúng được dùng với cẩu trúc khác nhau.
 a ) Because là một liên từ (Conjunction), theo sau nó là một mệnh đề (Clause).
Ví dụ: - Because the traffic was heavy, we were late for the meeting.
                     S            V
  	 Vì xe cộ đông đúc, chúng tôi đến buổi họp trễ.
b) Because of là nhóm giới từ ( Prepositional phrase), theo sau nó là một cụm danh từ ( noun phrase)
Ví dụ: - Because of  the heavy traffic, we were late for the meeting.
B-PRACTICE
Conditional Sentences (VIẾT LẠI CÂU)
You got into so much trouble because you didn’t listen to me.
→ If	
There are so many bugs in the room because there isn’t a screen on the window.
→ If	
He is busy right now. So, he can’t help them.
→ If	
I can’t make all of my own meals because I am not good at cooking.
→ If	
I’m not you, so I can’t tell him the truth.
→ If I	
She came, so he wasn’t disappointed.
→ If	
He is not a good student. He didn’t study for the test yesterday.
→ If	
I didn’t eat breakfast several hours ago, so I am hungry now.
→ If	
Mai is sick because she didn’t follow the doctor’s orders.
→ If	
He is tired this morning because he didn’t go to bed early last night.
→ If	
They don’t behave themselves so their parents are not happy about that.
→ If	
She didn’t say sorry so he was angry.
→ If	
I am not a rich businessman and I can’t afford to buy an expensive car.
→ If	
It rained last night so I didn’t go to the barbecue. 
→ If	
My parents do not allow me to go, so I have to stay at home.
→ If	
She doesn’t pay attention to her cooking so the food is horrible.
→ If	
The weather was very nice so we didn’t go camping.
→ If	
The computer broke down and I had to stop my work.
→ If	
She loves him so she forgives him easily.
→ If	
He was angry so I didn’t say anything.
→ If	
II) TRẮC NGHIỆM
If I ……….a lot of money now, I …………..a new car.
	a. have /will buy	b. have / would buy
	c. had/ will buy	d. had/ would buy.
If I ……………you, I …………….do that.
	a. am/ will	b. were /would	
	c. were/ will	d. had been/ would.
If I were offered the job, I think I ………. it.
	a. take	b. will take	
	c. would take	d. would have taken.
I would be very surprised if he……………..
	a. refuses	b. refused	
	c. had refused	d. would refuse.
Many people would be out of work if that factory………..down.
	a. closes	b. had closed	
	c. closed	d. would close.
6. If she sold her car, she ………… much money.
	a. gets	b. would get	
	c. will get	d. would have got.
They would be disappointed if we…………….
	a. hadn’t come	b. wouldn’t come	
	c. don’t come	d. didn’t come.
Would John be angry if I ……. ……his bicycle without asking?
	a. take	b. took	c. had taken	d. would take.
She ……….terrible upset if I lost this ring.
	a. will be 	b. would be	c. were	d. had been.
If someone…………in here with a gun, I would be very frightened.
	a. would walk	b. walks	c. had walked	d. walked.
What would happen if you ……………..to work tomorrow?
	a. don’t go	b. didn’t go	c. won’t go	d. wouldn’t go.
We ‘ll get wet if we ………….out.
	a. go	b. did go	c. went	d. had gone.
If I go shopping, I ………some food.
	a. buy	b. will buy	c. would buy	d. would have bought.
If I find it, I ………you.
	a. will tell	b. would tell	c. had told	d. told.
What would you do if you……………a million dollars?
	a. would win	b. win	c. had won	d. won.
They ‘d be hurt if I ……………….
	a. don’t go	b. didn’t go	c. hadn’t gone	d. wouldn’t go.
If we took the 6: 30 train, we…………too early.
	a. would have arrived	b. arrived	c. will arrived	d. would arrive.
If I had known you were in hospital, I …………to see you.
	a. will go	b. would go	c. went	d. would have gone.
If I …………., I would have said hello.
	a. had seen	b. see	c. saw	d. would see.
I…………..out if I hadn’t been so tired.
	a. will go	b. went	c. would have gone	d. would go.
If I ………..a camera, I would have taken some pictures.
	a. have 	b. had	c. would have	d. had had.
You won’t pass the examination……………you study more.
	a. as long as	b. unless	c. if 	d. whether.
If only I …………you wanted to invest money in business.
	a. had known	b. knew	c. have known	d. know.
If I were to leave my country , I ……………disappointed.
	a. probably be 	b. would have been 	c. will be	d. would be.
If he hadn’t wasted too much time, he…………….in his examination.
	a. would fail	b. wouldn’t fail	c. wouldn’t have failed.	d. won’t fail.
If I had taken that English course, I ………..much progress.
	a. had made	b. would have made	c. made	d. would make.
If I were in your place, I ……….a trip to England.
	a. will make	b. had made	c. made.	d. would make.
If I ………….. you , I’d save some of your lottery winning.
	a. be	b. were	c. am	d. was
If the car ……….. larger, we would have bought it.
	a. had been	b. have been	c. has been	d. been
If I had enough money, I ……… abroad to improve my English.
	a. will go	b. should go	c. would go	d. should have go to
If it …….. convenient, let’s go out for a drink tonight.
	a. be	b. was	c. were	d. is
If you ……. time, please write to me.
	a. have	b. have had	c. had	d. has
If you had the chance, ………… you go finishing?
	a. did	b. would	c. may	d. do
Trees won’t grow ……….. there is enough water.
	a. if 	b. when	c. unless	d. as
If you ………. to my advice in the first place, you wouldn’t be in this mess right now.
	a. listen	b. had listened	c. will listen	d. listened