Grammar exercises English 11

 I don’t know the time. She will come back then.
 → I don’t know the time when she will come back.
II. CÁC LOẠI MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ:
Mệnh đề quan hệ xác định (Defining relative clause): Được sử dụng khi danh từ là danh từ không xác định.
Ex: The city which I visited last summer is very beautiful.
 (Defining relative clause)
2. Mệnh đề quan hệ không hạn định (Non-defining relative clause): Được sử dụng khi danh từ là danh từ xác định.
Ex: Dalat, which I visited last summer, is very beautiful.
 (Non-defining relative clause)
Note: để biết khi nào dùng mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định, ta lưu ý các điểm sau:
Khi danh từ mà nó bổ nghĩa là một danh từ riêng
Khi danh từ mà nó bổ nghĩa là một tính từ sở hữu (my, his, her, their)
Khi danh từ mà nó bổ nghĩa la một danh từ đi với this , that, these, those
III. MỘT SỐ LƯU Ý TRONG MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ:
1. Nếu trong mệnh đề quan hệ có giới từ thì giới từ có thể đặt trước hoặc sau mệnh đề quan hệ (chỉ áp dụng với whom và which.)
Ex: Mr. Brown is a nice teacher. We studied with him last year.
 → Mr. Brown, with whom we studied last year, is a nice teacher.
 → Mr. Brown, whom we studied with last year, is a nice teacher.
2. Có thể dùng which thay cho cả mệnh đề đứng trước.
Ex: She can’t come to my birthday party. That makes me sad.
 → She can’t come to my birthday party, which makes me sad.
3. Ở vị trí túc từ, whom có thể được thay bằng who.
Ex: I’d like to talk to the man whom / who I met at your birthday party.
IV. CÁCH RÚT GỌN MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ:
1. Mệnh đề quan hệ được rút thành cụm phân từ:
Mệnh đề quan hệ chứa các đại từ quan hệ làm chủ từ who, which, that có thể được rút gọn thành cụm hiện tại phân từ (V-ing) hoặc quá khứ phân từ (V3/ed).
* Nếu mệnh đề quan hệ là mệnh đề chủ động thì rút thành cụm hiện tại phân từ (V-ing).
Ex: a/ The man who is standing over there is my father.
 → The man-----------------------------------------------------------------------
 b/ The couple who live next door to me are professors.
 → The couple------------------------------------------------------------------
* Nếu mệnh đề quan hệ là mệnh đề bị động thì rút thành cụm quá khứ phân từ (V3/ed).
Ex: a/ The instructions that are given on the front page are very important.
 → The instructions--------------------------------------------------------------
 b/ The book which was bought by my mother is interesting.
 → The book--------------------------------------------------------------------
2. Mệnh đề quan hệ được rút thành cụm động từ nguyên mẫu:
Mệnh đề quan hệ được rút thành cụm động từ nguyên mẫu (To-infinitive) khi trước đại từ quan hệ có các cụm từ: the first, the second, the last, the only hoặc hình thức so sánh bậc nhất.
Ex: a/ John was the last person that got the news.
 → John was the last person-------------------------------------
 b/ He was the best player that got the prize.
 → He was the best played---------------------------------------
 c/ He was the best player that we admire.
 → He was the best player------------------------------------------
­ Exercise: Choose the best answer:
The boy with -------------- I have talked is very successful student.A. who	B. whom	C. that	D. for that
The composition -------------- by Jane was really interesting.A. to write	B. writing	C. wrote	D. written
Fleming’s discovery of penicillin, --------------, had a major influence on the lives of people in the 20th century.A. which was awarded the Nobel Prize B. which awarded the Nobel PrizeC. that he was awarded the Nobel Prize D. for which he was awarded the Nobel Prize
I want you to meet the woman --------------A. who taught me how to drive	B. teaching me how to driveC. that is taught me how to drive	D. who is taught me how to drive
Mr. Pike, -------------- is our boss, has just come back from Paris.A. who	B. whom	C. that D. which
The girl -------------- is my new friend.A. who is sitting on the bench 	B. that is sitting on the bench 
 C. sitting on the bench 	D. all are correct
We don’t know the reason -------------- Peter is absent today. A. who	B. which 	C. that	D. why
Dr Smith is a good surgeon. He lives next door.A. Dr Smith that lives next door is a good surgeon. 
 B. Dr Smith who lives next door is a good surgeon. C. Dr Smith, who lives next door, is a good surgeon. 
 D. Dr Smith, whom lives next door, is a good surgeon.
The reading table -------------- I put my books is in the corner of the room. A. when	 B. where 	C. why D. whose
It is him -------------- helped me last night. 
 A. who B. that C. which	 D. whose
Anybody -------------- finishes that test early can leave. 	A. that	B. whom 	C. why D. when
He is the good colleague --------------.A. to work for us with	B. to us for working with	
 C. for working with us 	D. for us to work with
Mary was the last applicant -------------- by that interviewer.A. to be interviewed	B. to be interviewing	
 C. to have interviewed	D. to interview
I’m hungry. Is there any food -------------- ? 	A. to be eaten	B. to eat 	C. eating D. for me eating
Dien Bien Phu is a place -------------- our army won a resounding victory in 1954. A. where 	B. what	C. which	D. that
Reduce relative clauses into relative phrases
Be sure to follow the instructions that are given at the top of the page.
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Students who arrive late will not be permitted to enter the classroom.
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John, who was taken by surprise, hardly knew what to say.
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The people who are waiting for the bus in the rain are getting wet.
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We drove along the road that was still flooded after the heavy rain.
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The scientists who are researching the causes of cancer are making progress
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The wild ox which is kept at Nam Cat Tien National Park is of a special kind
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The helicopter which was flying toward the lake made a low droning sound.
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Combine sentence using: preposition + whom/which
The movie was interesting. We went to it.
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I couldn’t understand the woman. I talked to her on the phone. 
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I want to tell you about the party. I went to it last night. 
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The music was gentle. We listened to it last night.
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Alice likes the foreign family. She is living with them. 
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The market has refresh vegetables. I usually go to it.
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The man is over there. I told you about him. 
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The film is fantastic. They are talking about it. 
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She’s the nurse. We gave the flowers to her. 
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The teacher is Mr Pike. We studied with him last year.
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Rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ sử dụng Ving, V hoặc Vto 
Neil Armstrong was the first man who walked on the moon 
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I come from a city that is located in the southern part of the country.
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The children who attend that school receive a good education. 
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The scientists who are researching the causes of cancer are making progress. 
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They live in a house that was built in 
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We have an apartment which overlooks the park. 
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Yuri Gagarin became the first man who flied into space. 
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We stood on the bridge which connects the two halves of the building. 
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I come from a city which is located in the southern part of the country
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The vegetables which are sold in this supermarket are grown without chemicals. 
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Do you know the woman who is coming toward us ?
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The people who was waiting for the bus in the rain are getting wet. 
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I come from a city that is located in the southern part of the country.
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They live in a house that was built in 
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He was the first man who left the burning building. 
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The couple who live in the house next door are both college professors 
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The people who are waiting for the bus in the rain are getting wet. 
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The students who did not come to the class yesterday explain their absence to the teacher. 
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Did you get the message which concerned the special meeting ?
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Lan is the second student who entered the classroom this morning. 
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The psychologists who study the nature of sleep have made important discoveries. 
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He was the only man who reached the top. 
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He is always the first who comes and the last who goes. 
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People who listen to very loud music may suffer gradual hearing loss. 
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He was the second man who was saved in the fire. 
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I haven’t got anything that I could open a bottle of wine with. 
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The Queen Elizabeth is the largest ship which has been built on the island. 
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The fifth man who was interviewed was completely unsuitable. 
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This is the third who is late for the meeting today. 
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Am I the next person who joins the interview ?
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CLEFT SENTENCES (Câu chẻ)
Câu chẻ được dùng để nhấn mạnh một thành phần của câu như chủ ngữ, túc từ hay trạng từ
1. Nhấn mạnh chủ từ (Subject focus)
a. It + is / was + Noun / pronoun (person) + who + V + O …
Ex: My brother collected these foreign stamps.
 → It was my brother who collected these foreign stamps.
b. It + is / was + Noun (thing) + that + V + O …
Ex: Her absence at the party made me sad.
 → It was her absence at the party that made me sad.
2. Nhấn mạnh túc từ (Object focus)
a. It + is / was + Noun / pronoun (person) + who(m) + S + V…
Ex: I met Daisy on the way to school.
 → It was Daisy who(m) I met on the way to school.
Note: Khi nhấn mạnh túc từ ta có thể dùng who thay cho whom nhưng khi nhấn mạnh chủ từ thì không dùng whom thay cho who.
b. It + is / was + Noun (thing) + that + S + V …
Ex: My brother bought an old motorbike from our neighbor.
 → It was an old motorbike that my brother bought from our neighbor.
3. Nhấn mạnh trạng từ (Adverbial focus)
It + is / was + Adverbial phrase + that + S + V …
Ex: - We first met in December.
→ It was in December that we first met.
- Phan Thanh Gian was born in this village.
→ It was in this village that Phan Thanh Gian was born.
4. Câu chẻ bị động (Cleft sentences in the passive)
a. It + is / was + Noun / pronoun (person) + who + be + P.P…
Ex: Fans gave that singer a lot of flowers.
→ It was that singer