Giáo án tiếng Anh 12 - Talk /tɔːk ~ tɒːk/ verb

ntation /ˌprəʒənˈteɪʃənǁˌprɪːzen-, -zən-/ [countable noun] to give a talk for your company about something 
such as a new product or business idea: ▪ The presentation went extremely well, with almost all of the audience 
requesting further information about our proposals.give a presentation ▪ I was supposed to be giving a 
presentation that morning to some colleagues from the Japanese division. 
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19. someone who makes a speech 
speaker /ˈspiːkəʳ/ [countable noun] someone who makes a speech in public: ▪ Doug Williams is the first speaker 
in tonight’s debate. ▪ Everyone tells me I’m a good speaker, but I really hate doing it. 
public speaker ▪ Kennedy was known as a brilliant public speaker.guest speaker someone who has been invited 
to come and give a speech or talk ▪ Each week the school has a different guest speaker come and talk to the 
students.keynote speaker someone who gives the most important speech at a big meeting ▪ Jennings was one of 
the keynote speakers at the conference’s opening session Thursday. 
orator /ˈɒrətəʳǁˈɔː-, ˈɑː-/ [countable noun] someone who makes great public speeches and is good at persuading 
people to accept particular ideas, opinions, or principles: ▪ Ogilvy had a reputation as a great orator. ▪ Keyes is a 
fiery orator who built his campaign around his anti-abortion stand. 
~~(*)~~ 
SAY /seɪ/ verb 
(past tense and past participle said /sed/, third person singular says /sez/) 
1. EXPRESS SOMETHING IN WORDS [intransitive only in negatives, transitive] to express an idea, feeling, thought, 
etc. using words: 
‘I’m so tired,’ she said. 
‘Don’t cry,’ he said softly. 
Don’t believe anything he says. 
say (that) 
A spokesman said that the company had improved its safety standards. 
I always said I would buy a motorbike when I had enough money. 
say how/why/who, etc. 
Did she say what happened? 
I would like to say how much we appreciate your hard work. 
‘Why did she leave?’ ‘I don’t know – she didn’t say .’ 
say something to somebody 
What did you say to her? 
a terrible/silly/strange, etc. thing to say 
What a silly thing to say! 
say hello/goodbye/thank you, etc. (= say something to greet someone, thank someone, etc.) 
She left without saying goodbye. 
say you’re sorry (= apologize) 
I’ve said I’m sorry – what more do you want? 
say yes/no (to something) (= agree or refuse) 
Can I go, Mum? Oh, please say yes! 
say nothing/anything/something (about something) 
He looked as if he was going to say something. 
I wished I had said nothing about Jordi. 
have anything/nothing/something to say 
Does anyone else have anything to say? 
Although he didn’t say so , it was clear that he was in pain. 
What makes you say that (= why do you think that) ? 
say to do something (= tell someone to do something) 
Nina said to meet her at 4.30. 
I’d like to say a few words (= make a short speech) . 
‘So what are your plans now?’ ‘ I’d rather not say .’ 
GRAMMAR 
 You cannot 'say someone something' or 'say someone to do something'. Use tell: 
 - She told me (NOT said me) something shocking. 
 - He told me (NOT said me) to sit down. 
You can say something about something but you cannot 'say about something'. Use talk: 
 - He did not talk about (NOT say about) his feelings. 
REGISTER 
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, 2014 TALK 15 
In written English, people often avoid using say when referring to opinions or ideas expressed by another writer. 
Instead, they prefer to use a more formal verb such as argue , assert , claim , or maintain . 
2. GIVE INFORMATION [transitive not in passive] to give information in the form of written words, numbers, or 
pictures – used about signs, clocks, letters, messages, etc.: 
The sign said ‘Back in 10 minutes’. 
The clock said twenty past three. 
say (that) 
He received a letter saying that the appointment had been cancelled. 
say to do something (= give information about what you should do) 
The label says to take one tablet before meals. 
say who/what/how, etc. 
The card doesn’t even say who sent the flowers. 
It says here they have live music. 
3. MEAN [transitive usually in progressive] used to talk about what someone means: 
What do you think the writer is trying to say in this passage? 
So what you’re saying is, there’s none left. 
be saying (that) 
Are you saying I’m fat? 
I’m not saying it’s a bad idea. 
All I’m saying is that it might be better to wait a while. 
4. THINK THAT SOMETHING IS TRUE [transitive] 
used to talk about something that people think is true 
they say/people say/ it is said (that) 
They say that she has been all over the world. 
It is said that he was a spy during the war. 
somebody is said to be something/do something 
He’s said to be the richest man in the world. 
Well, you know what they say – blood’s thicker than water. 
The rest, as they say , is history. 
5. SHOW/BE A SIGN OF SOMETHING [transitive] 
a) to show clearly that something is true about someone or something’s character: 
The kind of car you drive says what kind of person you are. 
The fact that she never apologized says a lot about (= shows very clearly) what kind of person she is. 
It said a lot for the manager (= it showed that he is good) that the team remained confident despite losing. 
These results don’t say much for the quality of teaching (= they show that it is not very good) . 
b) to show what someone is really feeling or thinking, especially without using words: 
The look on her face said ‘I love you.’ 
something says everything/says it all 
His expression said it all. 
6. SPEAK THE WORDS OF SOMETHING [transitive] to speak the words that are written in a play, poem, or prayer: 
Can you say that line again, this time with more feeling? 
I’ll say a prayer for you. 
7. PRONOUNCE [transitive] to pronounce a word or sound: 
How do you say your last name? 
8. SUGGEST/SUPPOSE SOMETHING [transitive usually in imperative] used when suggesting or supposing that 
something might happen or be true 
... say ... 
 - If we put out, say, twenty chairs, would that be enough? 
let’s say (that)/just say (that) 
 - Let’s say your plan fails, then what? 
 - Just say you won the lottery – what would you do? 
9. say to yourself to try to persuade yourself that something is true or not true: 
 - I kept saying to myself that this wasn’t really happening. 
SPOKEN PHRASES 
10. I must say (also I have to say) used to emphasize what you are saying: 
 - The cake does look good, I must say. 
 - I have to say I was impressed. 
11. I can’t say (that) used to say that you do not think or feel something: 
 Ngân Phương Vy ~ August 14
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, 2014 TALK 16 
 - I can’t say I envy her being married to him! 
12. I would say used for giving your opinion even though other people may not agree: 
 - I’d say he was jealous. 
13. I couldn’t say used when you do not know the answer to something: 
 - I couldn’t say who will win. 
14. if I may say so (also if I might say so) formal used to be polite when saying something that may embarrass or 
offend the person you are talking to: 
 - That’s just the point, Mr Glover, if I may say so. 
15. having said that used to say that something is true in spite of what you have just said: 
 - The diet can make you slim without exercise. Having said that, however, exercise is important too. 
16. wouldn’t you say? used to ask someone whether they agree with the statement you have just made: 
 - It seems very unlikely, wouldn’t you say? 
17. what do you say? used to ask someone if they agree with a suggestion: 
 - We could go into partnership – what do you say? 
 - What do you say we all go to a movie? 
 - What would you say to a meal out? 
18. say no more used to say that you understand what someone means, although they have not said it directly: 
 - ‘I saw him leaving her house at 6.30 this morning.’ ‘Say no more!’ 
19. you can say that again! used to say that you completely agree with someone: 
 - ‘It’s cold in here.’ ‘You can say that again!’ 
20. you said it! 
a) used when someone says something that you agree with, although you would not have actually said it yourself 
because it is not polite: 
 - ‘I was always stubborn as a kid.’ ‘You said it!’ 
b) especially American English used to say that you agree with someone: 
 - ‘Let’s go home.’ ‘You said it! I’m tired.’ 
21. who says? used to say that you do not agree with a statement, opinion, etc.: 
 - Who says museum work doesn’t pay? 
22. who can say? (also who’s to say?) used to say that nobody can know something: 
 - Who can say what will happen between now and then? 
 - Many women believe that skin cream makes their skin look younger, and who’s to say that they’re wrong? 
23. you don’t say! used to show you are surprised by what someone has told you – also often used when you are 
not at all surprised by what someone has told you 
24. say when used to ask someone to tell you when to stop pouring them a drink or serving them food because 
they have got enough 
25. say cheese used to tell people to smile when you are taking their photograph 
26. (just) say the word used to tell someone that they have only to ask and you will do what they want: 
 - Anywhere you want to go, just say the word. 
27. I’ll say this/that (much) for somebody used when you want to mention something good about someone, 
especially when you have been criticizing them: 
 - I will say this for Tom – at least he’s consistent. 
 - You’ve got determination – I’ll say that for you. 
28. say what you like especially British English used when giving an opinion that you are sure is correct, even if 
the person you are talking to might disagree with you: 
 - Say what you like about him, he’s a very good writer. 
29 anything/whatever you say used to tell someone that you agree to do what they want, accept their opinion, 
etc., especially because you do not