Giáo án tiếng Anh 12 - Câu bị động

PASSIVE SENTENCE – CÂU BỊ ĐỘNG
Cách chuyển từ câu chủ động (active sentence) sang câu bị động (passive sentence):
Lấy tân ngữ của câu chủ động làm chủ ngữ của câu bị động.
Đổi động từ của câu chủ động thành động từ bị động: be + V_ed/ P3
S Vchủ động O
S V bị động (by + agent)
Bảng cấu trúc BIẾN ĐỔI CƠ BẢN:
TENSE - active
PASSIVE STRUCTURE
Present simple
People speak E here.
Am/is/are + P3/ V_ed
E is spoken here.
Present progressive
They are painting the house.
Am/is/are + being + P3/ Ved
The house is being painted.
Past simple
Somebody cleaned this room yesterday.
Was/were + P3/Ved
This room was cleaned yesterday.
Past progressive
My sister was baking the cakes.
Was/were +being +P3/Ved
The cakes were being baked by my sister.
Present perfect
He hasn’t won the jacket for years.
Have/has + been+ P3/ Ved
The jacket hasn’t been won for years.
Past perfect
They had destroyed all the documents.
Had + been + P3/ Ved
All the documents had been destroyed (by them).
Future simple
I’ll tell you when the times comes.
Will be + P3/ Ved
You’ll be told when the time comes.
Future progressive
We will be holding talks at this time next year. 
Will be + being + P3/ Ved
Talks will be being held at this time next year.
Future perfect
You will have finished this report by Tuesday.
Will have been + P3/ Ved
This report will have been finished by Tuesday.
Be going to
We are going to buy her that house.
Am/is/are + going to be + P3/ Ved
She is going to be bought that house.
Model verbs
The managers must sign the cheque.
Can, should, must, may, might, … + be + P3/ Ved
The cheque must be signed by the managers.
Present infinitive
I want you to do it as soon as possible. 
To be + P3/Ved
I want it (to) be done as soon as possible.
Perfect infinitive
We hope to have finished the job by next Sunday.
To have been + P3/ Ved
We hope the job (to) have been finished by next Sunday.
Present participle/ Gerund
I don’t like people telling me what to do. 
Being + P3/ Ved
I don’t like being told what to do.
Perfect participle
Having warned them about the bandits, but they did not listen to me.
Having + been + P3/ Ved
Having been warned about the bandits, but they did not listen to me.
Một số cấu trúc đặc biệt:
 They/ people + say/think/believe …. + that + clause (S+V + …).
It is said/thought/believed… that + clause.
S + be + said/thought/believed… to + V + … 
Have sb do st = Get sb to do st => Have/ Get st done (by sb).
Make sb do st => sb be made to do st.
Một số động từ đặc biệt: remember; want; try; like, hate ...
 E.g: I remember them taking me to the zoo. (active)
  I remember being taken to the zoo.(passive)
NOTES:
nếu có yếu tố thời gian thì để TIME ở cuối câu trong câu bị động.
EXERCISE 1: CHUYỂN CÁC CÂU SAU SANG BỊ ĐỘNG.
My father waters this flower every morning.
John invited Fiona to his birthday party last night.
Her mother is preparing the dinner in the kitchen.
We should clean our teeth twice a day.
Our teachers have explained the English grammar.
Some drunk drivers caused the accident in this city.
Tom will visit his parents next month.
The manager didn’t phone the secretary this morning.
Did Mary this beautiful dress?
I won’t hang these old pictures in the living room.
The German didn’t build this factory during the Second World War.
The Greens are going to paint this house and these cars for Christmas Day.
Ann had fed the cats before she went to the cinema.
The students have discussed the pollution problems since last week.
Have the thieves stolen the most valuable painting in the national museum?
Some people will interview the new president on TV.
How many languages do they speak in Canada?
Are you going to repair those shoes?
He has broken his nose in a football match.
Have you finished the above sentences?
EXERCISE 2: CHUYỂN CÁC CÂU SAU SANG BỊ ĐỘNG.
The waiter brings me this dish.
Our friends send these postcards to us.
Their grandmother told them this story when they visited her last week.
Tim ordered this train ticket for his mother.
You didn’t show me the special cameras.
She showed her ticket to the airline agent.
He lends his friend his new shoes.
She left her relatives five million pounds.
The shop assistant handed these boxes to the customer.
The board awarded the first prize to the reporter.
Have you sent the Christmas cards to your family?
The committee appointed Alice secretary for the meeting.
He hides the broken cup in the drawer.
They keep this room tidy all the time.
They all voted the party a great success.
We gave Ann some bananas and some flowers.
They moved the fridge into the living room.
18. She bought some cups of tea to the visitors in the next room.
19. They find the new project worthless.
20. The secretary didn’t take the note to the manager.
EXERCISE 3: CHUYỂN CÁC CÂU SAU SANG BỊ ĐỘNG.
They told me that you were the best architect in this city.
She reported that the flowers were killed by frost.
Some people inform me that the director is going to take a business trip to England.
That officer announced that the meeting was delayed until next week.
He discovered that this cotton was grown in Egypt.
They promise that the performance will start on time.
He recommends that we should stay at the city center.
We believed that Alice would pass the driving test.
The director notifies all the workers that they will have to work extra hard this month.
They have persuaded me that they will go with me to the stadium.
They have decided that the company will go to the beach together at the weekend.
People think that Maradona is the best football player in the 20th century.
They find that the job is not suitable for a girl like her.
The teacher explained that this powerful engine pulled the train.
He told me that his football team had played well last season.
EXERCISE 4: CHUYỂN CÁC CÂU SAU SANG BỊ ĐỘNG.
I had my nephew paint the gate last week.
She will have Peter wash her car tomorrow.
They have her tell the story again.
John gets his sister to clean his shirt.
Anne had had a friend type her composition.
Rick will have a barber cut his hair.
I will get the dressmaker to make a new dress.
He had a mechanic repair his car.
She often gets the technician to maintain the heater.
They had the police arrest the shoplifter.
Are you going to have the shoemaker repair your shoes?
I must have the dentist check my teeth.
She will have a veterinary surgeon examine her dog.
We had a man take this photograph when we were on holiday last summer.
The Greens had a carpet cleaner clean their carpet.