Giáo án ôn thi tiếng Anh vào 10 THPT

Buổi 3: Chuyên đề II: Active and passive form
NS: 15/5/2014
ND: 26/5
A. GRAMMAR:
I. Nhận biết thế nào là câu chủ động, câu bị động :
1. Câu chủ động :
* Quan sát ví dụ: 
Ex: 	The students clean the classroom every day.
 	She is writing a letter now.
 	He has just repaired his bicycle.
 	They will build a new school here.
 . . .
Câu chủ động là câu mà chủ ngữ trực tiếp gây ra hành động.
2. Câu bị động:
* Quan sát 4 ví dụ trên ở bị động: 
Ex: 	The classroom is cleaned by the students every day.
 	A letter is now being written by her.
 	His bicycle has been just repaired (by him).
 	A new school will be built here.
 . . .
Câu bị động là câu mà chủ ngữ trong câu không trực tiếp gây ra hành động. Hành động được (bị) gây ra bởi tân ngữ (O) trước có từ “by”.
II. Các bước chuyển từ câu chủ động sang bị động và ngược lại:
1. Quy tắc chung chuyển từ câu chủ động sang bị động:
- Tân ngữ chủ động -> chủ ngữ bị động.
- Động từ bị động: Be + Vp.p (ed/V3).
- Chủ ngữ chủ động -> tân ngữ bị động (trước có giới từ by). - Với chủ ngữ là các từ không xác định: they, people, someone, khi chuyển sang bị động không cần đưa về làm tân ngữ + by ở trước (bỏ đi).
2. Cách chuyển cụ thể về các thì và động từ khuyết thiếu từ câu chủ động sang câu bị động. 
a. Present simple:
CĐ: S + V(s,es) + O
BĐ: S + am/is/are + Vp.p(ed/V3) + by + O
VD: Our mother cooks meals for us.
 à Meals are cooked for us by our mother.
b. Past simple:
CĐ: S + V(ed)/V2 + O
BĐ: S + was/were + Vp.p(ed/V3) + by + O
VD: We cleaned the class yesterday.
 à The class was cleaned by us yesterday.
c. Present progressive:
CĐ: S + am/is/are + V-ing + O
BĐ: S + am/is/are + being + Vp.p(ed/V3) + by + O
VD: She is making a big cake.
 à A big cake is being made by her.
d. Past progressive:
CĐ: S + was/were + V-ing + O
BĐ: S + was/were + being + Vp.p(ed/V3) + by + O
VD: She was making a big cake at six last night.
 à A big cake was being made by her at six last night.
e. Present perfect:
CĐ: S + have/has + Vp.p(ed/V3) + O
BĐ: S + have/has + been + Vp.p(ed/V3) + by + O
VD: We have spoken English since this morning.
 à English has been spoken by us since this morning.
f. Present perfect progressive:
CĐ: S + have/has + been + V-ing + O
BĐ: S + have/has + being + Vp.p(ed/V3) + by + O
VD: We have been speaking English since this morning.
 à English has being spoken by us since this morning.
g. Future simple and modals:
CĐ: S + will/can/must/…+ V + O
BĐ: S + will/can/must/…+ be +Vp.p(ed/V3) + by + O
VD: Nam must do this work.
 à This work must be done by Nam.
h. Be going to:
CĐ: S + am/is/are + going to + V + O
BĐ: S + am/is/are + going to + be + Vp.p(ed/V3) + by + O
VD: The Government is going to build a new school here next month.
 à A new school is going to be built here by the Government next month.
i. Trường hợp đặc biệt:
-. Với nhóm đt: believe, think, say, report, consider … có 2 cách chuyển.
VD: 1) People say that he is a doctor.
 -> It is said that he is a doctor.
 -> He is said to be a doctor.
 2) They thought that Nam had gone away.
 -> It was thought that Nam had gone away.
 -> Nam was thought to have gone away.
-. Với đt “have”:
 S + have + S.O + V + ST 
 -> S + have + ST + Vp.p + by S.O
VD: He had his father repair his bike.
 -> He had his bike repaired by his father.
B. EXERCISES:
I. Change into the passive:
1. My father waters this flower every morning.
2. John invited Fiona to his birthday party last night.
3. Her mother is preparing the dinner in the kitchen.
4. We should clean our teeth twice a day.
5. Our teachers have explained the English grammar.
6. Some drunk drivers caused the accident in this city.
8. The manager didn’t phone the secretary this morning.
10. I won’t hang these old pictures in the living room.
11. The German didn’t build this factory during the Second World War.
12. The Greens are going to paint this house and these cars for Christmas Day.
13. Ann will feed the cats before she goes to the cinema.
14. The students have discussed the pollution problems since last week.
15. Have the thieves stolen the most valuable painting in the national museum?
16. Some people will interview the new president on TV.
17. How many languages do they speak in Canada?
19. He has broken his nose in a football match.
20. Have you finished the above sentences?
II. Change into the passive:
1. The waiter brings me this dish.
2. Our friends send these postcards to us.
3. Their grandmother told them this story when they visited her last week.
4. Tim ordered this train ticket for his mother.
5. You didn’t show me the special camaras.
6. She showed her ticket to the airline agent.
8. She left her relatives five million pounds.
9. The shop assistant handed these boxes to the customer.
10. The board awarded the first prize to the reporter.
11. Have you sent the Christmas cards to your family?
12. The committee appointed Alice secretary for the meeting.
13. He hides the broken cup in the drawer.
14. They keep this room tidy all the time.
15. They all voted the party a great success.
16. We gave Ann some bananas and some flowers.
17. They moved the fridge into the living room.
18. She bought some cups of tea to the visitors in the next room.
20. The secretary didn’t take the note to the manager.
III. Change into the active or passive:
1. I had the gate painted by my nephew last week.
2. She will have her car washed by Peter tomorrow.
3. Anne is going to buy a new car next week.
4. I will be given a gift by her.
5. The meals for our family are often cooked by me.
6. It was said that the police arrested the shoplifter.
7. Are you going to have your shoes repaired by the shoemaker?
8. I must have the dentist check my teeth.
9. It was explained that this powerful engine pulled the train.
10. I was told that his football team had played well last season.
KEY
I.
1. This flower is watered (by my father) every morning.
2. Fiona was invented to John’s birthday party last month.
3. The dinner is being prepared (by her mother) in the kitchen.
4. Our teeth should be cleaned twice a day.
5. The English grammar has been explained (by our teacher).
6. The accident was caused in this city (by some drunk drivers).
7. Tom’s parents will be visited (by him) next month.
8. The secretary wasn’t phoned (by the manager) this morning.
9. Was this beautiful dress bought by Mary?
10. These old pictures won’t be hung in the living room (by me).
11. This factory wasn’t built (by the Greens) during the Second World War.
12. This house and these cars are going to be painted for Chrismas day by the Greens.
13. The cats will be fed (by Ann) before she goes to the cinema.
14. The pollution problems have been discussed (by the students) since last week.
15. Has the most valuable painting in the national meseum been stlen (by the thieves).
16. The new president will be interviewed on TV (by tsome people).
17. How many languages are spoken in Canada (by them)?
18. Are those shoes going to be repaired?
19. His nose has been broken in a football match (by him).
20. Have the above sentences been finished?
II. 
1. This dish is brought to me (by the waiter).
2. These postcards are sent to us (by our friend).
3. This story was told to them (by their grandmother) when they visited her last week.
4. This train ticket was ordered for Tim’s mother.
5. The special cameras weren’t showed to me.
6. Her ticket was showed to the airline agent (by her).
7. His new shoes are lent to his friends (by him).
8. Five million pounds was left to her relatives (by her).
9. These boxes were handed to the customer (by the shop assistant).
10. The first prize was awarded to the reporter (by the board).
11. Have the Christmas cards been sent to your family?
12. Alice was appointed secretary for the meeting (by the committee).
13. The broken cup is hidden in the drawer (by him).
14. This room is kept tidy (by them) all the time.
15. The party was voted a great success (by them).
16. Ann was given some bananas and some flowers (by us).
17. The fridge was moved into the living room (by them).
18. Some cups of tea were brought to the visitors in the next room (by her).
20. The note wasn’t taken to the manager (by the secretary).
III. 
1. I had my nephew paint the gate last week.
2. She will have Peter wash her car tomorrow.
3. A new car is going to be bought by Ann next week.
4. She will give me a gift.
5. I often cook the meals for our family.
6. People said that the police arrested the shoplifter.
7. Are you going to have the shoemaker repair your shoes?
8. I must have my teeth checked by the dentist.
9. The teacher explained that this powerful engine pulled the train.
10. He told me that his football team had played well last season.
* Remarks: 
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Ký duyệt ngày 19 tháng 5 năm 2014