Chuyên đề Reading comprehension phương pháp làm bài đọc hiểu trắc nghiệm với nhiều câu hỏi - Reading comprehension

ically similar to someone who treated you well or badly. Your feelings about a stranger could be influenced by a smell in the air that brings to mind a place where you were happy as a child. Since even a single word can bring back a memory such as that, you may never realize it is happening.
What does the paragraph discuss?
 Meanings of signals one implies towards a stranger. 
 Factors that may influence one’s feelings about a stranger. 
 How people usually behave to a stranger. 
 Factors that cause people to act differently. 
Passage 2: The average home library has a number of old favourite books, many unread books, and a few very useful books. The most useful one of all - besides the dictionary – is likely to be a world almanac. A good almanac includes a wealth of information – biographical, historical, and geographical. Records of all sorts – the highest, the lowest, the longest and the biggest – are all included in the almanac.
The main idea of the paragraph is that _____.
A. Everyone should have a home library.	B. The almanac is an unread book.
C. The dictionary is not the most useful book. D. An almanac includes important information.
Passage 3: 	Dishes have to be washed. There are floors to sweep and laundry to wash, fold and put away. Windows need washing, and furniture needs to be dusted and polished. Besides these chores, houses need constant organization too.
The main idea of the paragraph is that _____.
	A. Any houses have dishes and floors.	B. We often have to wash windows.
	C. Houses need constant organization.	D. Housework is never done.
Passage 4: Nothing is as useful as a flashlight on a dark night if a fire goes flat. Few inventions are as helpful to a child who is afraid of the dark. In fact, the modern flashlight brings light to many dark situations. Finding something in the back of a closet is easy with a flashtlight in hand. A camper also needs one after the light of the campfire has faded.
The main idea of the paragraph is that _____.
A. Some children are afraid of the dark.	B. Modern flashlight is very useful.
C. You need a flashlight to find things.	D. A flashlight is always beside any campers.
Cũng với mục đích tìm ý chính của bài, người ra đề có thể yêu cầu học sinh tìm tiêu đề thích hợp cho đoạn. Khi làm những câu hỏi này, các em không những cần phải hiểu ý chính của bài, mà còn phải biết khái quát các ý nhỏ thành một chủ đề lớn. Chẳng hạn:
Upon the creation of the United States, one of the core concepts on which the hopes for the new democracy were pinned was the ideal that its citizens would be enlightened individuals with clearly articulated rights and the opportunity for individual achievement and education. It was believed that in a free nation where the power belongs to the people, the commitment to education defines the progress of that democracy and is the catalyst for future progress. This core value has not only stood the test of time but has also grown in importance. In this new Information Era and international economy, education is an increasingly vital commodity, a precursor of potential success and a driving force of change. It is important to recognize, however, that we approach education today differently than in the past, partly because the kinds of jobs people had didn't require the kind of basic education and specialized training that is often required in the workforce today. In the 1950s, for instance, only 20 percent of American jobs were classified as professional, 20 percent as skilled, and 60 percent as unskilled. Today, our world has changed. The proportion of unskilled jobs has fallen to 20 percent, while skilled jobs now account for at least 60 percent of the workforce. Even more important, almost every job today increasingly requires a combination of academic knowledge and practical skills that require learning throughout a lifetime.
Which of the following titles would be best for the passage?
 Education and Jobs in the Past and at Present in the United States 
 The Significant Role of Education in American Citizens' Careers 
 Academic Knowledge and Practical Skills in American Professions 
 Recent Changes of Educational and Vocational Systems in America 
Trong nhiều bài thi, các em cũng có thể bắt gặp câu hỏi về thái độ hoặc ngụ ý của tác giả trong đoạn văn. Các em nên nhớ rằng, mỗi từ mà tác giả sử dụng đều mang đến cho chúng ta những ý nghĩa ngoài định nghĩa trong từ điển, những ngụ ý riêng mà người viết muốn chuyển tải. 
Hãy đọc đoạn văn dưới đây:
The telephone has the power to break into people’s homes. It is an unusual person who can choose not to answer a ringing telephone. Also, very few people turn their telophones off. The telephone is a door that is always open to the outside world.
Which of these statements are implied in the information of the paragraph?
A. Most people always answer their telephone.	 B. Most people have telephones.
	C. Most people turn off their telephones.	 D. Most telephones now have doors.
CÁC KỸ NĂNG LÀM BÀI
Skill 1: MAIN IDEA QUESTIONS
Almost every reading passage will have a multiple choice question about the main idea of a passage. Such a question may be worded in a variety of ways; you may, for example, be asked to identify the topic, subject, title, primary idea or main idea. It is relatively easy to find the main ideas by studying the topic sentences, which are most probably found at the beginning of each paragraph. 
( Hầu như mỗi đoạn đọc hiểu đều có câu hỏi về ý chính của đoạn văn: topic (chủ đề), subject (chủ đề, đề tài), primary or main idea (ý chính). Để tìm ý chính, chúng ta phải đọc câu chủ đề (topic sentence) thường xuất hiện ở đầu đoạn văn.) 
* If a passage consists of only one paragraph, you should study the beginning of that paragraph to determine the main idea. (Nếu bài đọc chỉ có một đoạn, ta cần đọc kỹ ở phần đầu để tìm ý chính.)
* If a passage consists of more than one paragraph, you should study the beginning of each paragraph to determine the main idea. In a passage with more than one paragraph, you should be sure to read the first sentence of each paragraph to determine the subject, topic, title, or main idea. (Nếu bài đọc có nhiều đoạn, ta cần đọc kỹ ở phần đầu mỗi đoạn để tìm ý chính.)
a) How to identify the question: ( Nhận biết câu hỏi tìm ý chính)
 - What is the topic of the passage? 
 - What is the subject of the passage?
 - What is the main idea of the passage? 
 - What is the author’s main point in the passage?
 - With what is the author primarily concerned? 
 - Which of the following would be the best title?
 - What is the message to the reader?
b) Where to find the answer: ( Tìm câu trả lời ở đâu?)
- The answer to this type of question can generally be determined by looking at the first sentence of each paragraph.
c) How to answer the question: (Cách/ phương pháp trả lời câu hỏi)
1. Read the first line of each paragraph. (Đọc câu/ dòng đầu mỗi đoạn)
2. Look for a common theme or idea in the first lines. (Tìm ý hoặc chủ đề chung ở các dòng đầu).
3. Pass your eyes quickly over the rest of the passage to check that you have really found the topic sentence(s). (Liếc nhanh các phần còn lại của đoạn văn để xác định là bạn đã tìm ra câu/ các câu chủ đề.)
4. Eliminate any definitely wrong answers and choose the best answer from the remaining choices. (Loại bỏ các đáp án chắc chắn sai và chọn đáp án đúng nhất – PP loại suy.)
Skill 2: STATED DETAIL QUESTIONS
A stated detail question asks about one piece of information in the passage rather than the passage as a whole. The answers to these questions are generally given in order in the passage, and the correct answer is often a restatement of what is given in the passage this means that the correct answer often expresses the same idea as what is written in the passage, but the words are not exactly the same. (Câu hỏi chi tiết thường hỏi một thông tin nào đó đã nhắc đến trong bài. Các câu hỏi nầy thường hỏi theo trật tự trước sau trong đoạn văn và chúng thường được trình bày lại- như chuyển đổi câu- , ví dụ thay vì dùng “ die”, người ta thay bằng “ pass away”)
a) How to identify the question: ( Nhận biết câu hỏi tìm thông tin chi tiết)
 - According to the passage... 	
- It is stated in the passage...
- The passage indicates that... 	
- Which of the following is true...?
b) Where to find the answer: ( Tìm câu trả lời ở đâu?)
- The answers to the questions are found in order in the passage.
c) How to answer the question: (Cách/ phương pháp trả lời câu hỏi) 
 1. Choose a key word in the question. ( Tìm từ chính/ từ then chốt trong mỗi câu hỏi)
 2. Skim in the appropriate part of the passage for the key word or idea. ( Đọc lướt xem từ/ ý then chốt nằm chỗ nào trong đoạn văn – thường theo thứ tự trong bài.)
 3. Read the sentence that contains the key word or idea carefully. ( Đọc kỹ câu văn chứa từ / ý then chốt)
 4. Eliminate the definitely wrong answers and choose the best answer from the remaining choices.(Loại bỏ câu sai, và chọn câu đúng nhất trong số các câu còn lại.- pp loại suy.)
Skill 3: FIND "UNSTATED" DETAILS
You will sometimes be asked in the reading section to find an answer that is not stated or not mentioned or not true in the passage. This type of question really means that three of the answers are stated, mentioned, or true in the passage, while one answer is not. (Trong bài đọc hiểu đa lựa chọn, đôi khi yêu cầu chúng ta tìm những câu mà đoạn văn không đề cập đến, không kể đến cũng như không đúng so với ý chính của đoạn.)
a) How to identify the question: ( Nhận biết câu hỏi )
- Which of the following is not stated? 
- Which of the following is not mentioned...? 
- Which of the following is not discussed...? 
- Which of the following is true except... ?
b) Where to find the answer: (Tìm câu trả lời ở đâu?)
- The answers to these questions are found in order in the passage.
c) How to answer the question: (Cách/ phương pháp trả lời câu hỏi) 
1. Choose a key word in